Abstract
Implant treatment in the aesthetic zone can be a challenging clinical situation, which requires high level of communication between the surgeon, the technician, and the restoring dentist. In this chapter, different abutment materials available in the market will be discussed, and the rationale for their applications, advantages, and disadvantages will be reviewed. Additionally, screw-retained and cement-retained implant-supported restorations will be briefly compared, and related clinical considerations will be discussed. Furthermore, abutment design parameters and technician factors will be reviewed. Finally, clinical guidelines will be provided to avoid complications and failures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chaar MS, Att W, Strub JR. Prosthetic outcome of cement-retained implant-supported fixed dental restorations: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2011;38(9):697ā711.
Kotsakis G, Zhang L, Gaillard P, Raedel M, Walter MH, Konstantinidis IK. Investigation of the association between cement-retention and prevalent peri-implant diseases: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. 2015;5:1ā4.
Millen C, BrƤgger U, Wittneben JG. Influence of prosthesis type and retention mechanism on complications with fixed implant-supported prostheses: a systematic review applying multivariate analyses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;30(1):110ā24.
Sailer I, MĆ¼hlemann S, Zwahlen M, HƤmmerle CH, Schneider D. Cemented and screw-retained implant reconstructions: a systematic review of the survival and complication rates. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(s6):163ā201.
Wittneben JG, Millen C, BrƤgger U. Clinical performance of screw-versus cement-retained fixed implant-supported reconstructions-a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014;29:84ā98.
Huynh-Ba G. THEMATIC ABSTRACT REVIEW: peri-implantitis: ātsunamiā or marginal problem? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013;28(2):333ā7.
Korsch M, Robra BP, Walther W. Cement-associated signs of inflammation: retrospective analysis of the effect of excess cement on peri-implant tissue. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(1):11ā8.
Wilson TG Jr. The positive relationship between excess cement and peri-implant disease: a prospective clinical endoscopic study. J Periodontol. 2009;80(9):1388ā92.
Linkevicius T, Vindasiute E, Puisys A, Linkeviciene L, Maslova N, Puriene A. The influence of the cementation margin position on the amount of undetected cement. A prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(1):71ā6.
Linkevicius T, Vindasiute E, Puisys A, Peciuliene V. The influence of margin location on the amount of undetected cement excess after delivery of cement-retained implant restorations. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(12):1379ā84.
Bressan E, Paniz G, Lops D, Corazza B, Romeo E, Favero G. Influence of abutment material on the gingival color of implant-supported all-ceramic restorations: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(6):631ā7.
Linkevicius T, Vaitelis J. The effect of zirconia or titanium as abutment material on soft peri-implant tissues: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(Suppl 11):139ā47.
Truninger TC, Stawarczyk B, Leutert CR, Sailer TR, HƤmmerle CH, Sailer I. Bending moments of zirconia and titanium abutments with internal and external implant-abutment connections after aging and chewing simulation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23:12ā8.
Lekholm U, Gunne J, Henry P, et al. Survival of the BrĆ„nemark implants in partially edentulous jaws: a 10-year prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:639ā45.
Osman RB, Swain MW. A critical review of dental implant materials with an emphasis on titanium versus zirconia. Materials. 2015;8:932ā58.
MartĆnez-Rus F, Prieto M, Salido MP, Madrigal C, Ćzcan M, PradĆes G. A clinical study assessing the influence of anodized titanium and zirconium dioxide abutments and peri-implant soft tissue thickness on the optical outcome of implant-supported lithium disilicate single crowns. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2017;32:156ā63.
Sailer I, Philipp A, Zembic A, Pjetursson BE, HƤmmerle CH, Zwahlen M. A systematic review of the performance of ceramic and metal implant abutments supporting fixed implant reconstructions. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20(Suppl 4):4ā31.
Scarano A, Piattelli M, Vrespa G, Petrone G, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Bone healing around titanium and titanium nitride-coated dental implants with three surfaces: an experimental study in rats. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5:103ā11.
Wu-Yuan CD, Eganhouse KJ, Keller JC, Walters KS. Oral bacterial attachment to titanium surfaces: a scanning electron microscopy study. J Oral Implantol. 1995;21(3):207ā13.
Abrahamsson I, Zitzmann NU, Berglundh T, Linder E, Wennerberg A, Lindhe J. The mucosal attachment to titanium implants with different surface characteristics: an experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29:448ā55.
Nakamura T, Saito O, Mizuno M, Kinuta S, Ishigaki S. Influence of abutment substrates on the colour of metal-free polymer crowns. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30(2):184ā8.
Zitzmann NU, Marinello CP. A review of clinical and technical considerations for fixed and removable implant prostheses in the edentulous mandible. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15:65ā72.
Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater. 2008;24(3):299ā307.
Glauser R, Sailer I, Wohlwend A, Studer S, Schibli M, SchƤrer P. Experimental zirconia abutments for implant-supported single-tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4-year results of a prospective clinical study. Int J Prosthodont. 2004;17(3):285ā90.
Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials. 1999;20(1):1ā25.
Sadan A, Blatz MB, Lang B. Clinical considerations for densely sintered alumina and zirconia restorations: part 2. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005;25(4):343ā9.
Sghaireen MG. Fracture resistance and mode of failure of ceramic versus titanium implant abutments and single implant-supported restorations. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;17:1ā8.
Poortinga AT, Bos R, Busscher HJ. Measurement of charge transfer during bacterial adhesion to an indium tin oxide surface in a parallel plate flow chamber. J Microbiol Methods. 1999;38:183ā9.
Degidi M, Artese L, Scarano A, Perrotti V, Gehrke P, Piattelli A. Inflammatory infiltrate, microvessel density, nitric oxide synthase expression, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and proliferative activity in peri-implant soft tissues around titanium and zirconium oxide healing caps. J Periodontol. 2006;77:73ā80.
Jung RE, Zembic A, Pjetursson BE, Zwahlen M, Thoma DS. Systematic review of the survival rate and the incidence of biological, technical, and aesthetic complications of single crowns on implants reported in longitudinal studies with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(Suppl. 6):2ā21.
Welander M, Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T. The mucosal barrier at implant abutments of different materials. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19:635ā41.
Linkevicius T, Apse P. Influence of abutment material on stability of peri-implant tissues: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008;23(3):449ā56.
Joda T, BrƤgger U. Management of a complication with a fractured zirconia implant abutment in the esthetic zone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;30:21ā3.
Mitsias ME, Silva NR, Pines M, Stappert C, Thompson VP. Reliability and fatigue damage modes of zirconia and titanium abutments. Int J Prosthodont. 2010;23:56ā9.
Sailer I, Sailer T, Stawarczyk B, Jung RE, Hammerle CH. In vitro study of the influence of the type of connection on the fracture load of zirconia abutments with internal and external implant-abutment connections. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24:850ā8.
Scarano A, Piattelli M, Caputi S, Favero GA, Piattelli A. Bacterial adhesion on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks: an in vivo human study. J Periodontol. 2004;75:292ā6.
Rimondini L, Cerroni L, Carrassi A, Torricelli P. Bacterial colonization of zirconia ceramic surfaces: an in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17(6):793ā8.
Al-Ahmad A, Wiedmann-Al-Ahmad M, Faust J, BÓchle M, Follo M, Wolkewitz M, Hannig C, Hellwig E, Carvalho C, Kohal R. Biofilm formation and composition on different implant materials in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010;95B:101ā9.
Lima EMCX, Koo H, Vacca-Smith AM, Rosalen PL, Del Bel Cury AA. Adsorption of salivary and serum proteins, and bacterial adherence on titanium and zirconia ceramic surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19:780ā5.
Knosp H, Holliday RJ, Corti CW. Gold in dentistry: alloys, uses and performance. Gold Bull. 2003;3:93ā102.
Jivraj S, Chee W. Treatment planning of implants in the aesthetic zone. Br Dent J. 2006;201(2):77ā89.
Abichandani SJ, Nadiger R, Kavlekar AS. Abutment selection, designing, and its influence on the emergence profile: a comprehensive review. Eur J Prosthodont. 2013;1(1):10.
Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Glantz P-O, Lindhe J. The mucosal attachment at different abutments. An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25:721ā7.
Rompen E, Domken O, Degidi M, Pontes AEF, Piattelli A. The effect of material characteristics, of surface topography and of implant components and connections on soft tissue integration: a literature review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006;17(suppl 2):55ā67.
Vigolo P, Givani A, Majzoub Z, Cordioli G. A 4-year prospective study to assess peri-implant hard and soft tissues adjacent to titanium versus gold-alloy abutments in cemented single implant crowns. J Prosthodont. 2006;15(4):250ā6.
Abrahamsson I, Linder E, Larsson L, Berglundh T. Deposition of nanometer scaled calcium-phosphate crystals to implants with a dual acid-etched surface does not improve early tissue integration. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24:57ā62.
Ribeiro CG, Maia ML, Scherrer SS, Cardoso AC, Wiskott HW. Resistance of three implant-abutment interfaces to fatigue testing. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19:413ā20.
Prestipino V, Ingeber A. All-ceramic implant abutments: esthetic indications. J Esthet Restor Dent. 1996;8(1):255ā62.
Prestipino V, Ingeber A. Esthetic high-strength implant abutments. Part I. J Esthet Restor Dent. 1993;5(1):29ā36.
Prestipino V, Ingeber A. Esthetic high-strength implant abutments. Part II. J Esthet Restor Dent. 1993;5(2):63ā8.
Saponaro PC, Lee DJ, McGlumphy EA. Managing a fractured one-piece zirconia abutment with a modified plastic periodontal probe: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;117(5):587ā91.
Stimmelmayr M, Sagerer S, Erdelt K, Beuer F. In vitro fatigue and fracture strength testing of one-piece zirconia implant abutments and zirconia implant abutments connected to titanium cores. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013;28:488ā93.
Aboushelib MN, Salameh Z. Zirconia implant abutment fracture: clinical case reports and precautions for use. Int J Prosthodont. 2009;22(6):616ā9.
Cavusoglu Y, Akca K, Gurbuz R, Cehreli MC. A pilot study of joint stability at the zirconium or titanium abutment/titanium implant Interface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implant. 2014;29(2):338ā43.
Foong JKW, Judge RB, Palamara JE, Swain MV. Fracture resistance of titanium and zirconia abutments: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109(5):304ā12.
RodrĆguez X, Navajas A, Vela X, FortuƱo A, Jimenez J, Nevins M. Arrangement of peri-implant connective tissue fibers around platform-switching implants with conical abutments and its relationship to the underlying bone: a human histologic study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2016;36(4):533.
Agar JR, Cameron SM, Hughbanks JC, Parker MH. Cement removal from restorations luted to titanium abutments with simulated subgingival margins. J Prosthet Dent. 1997;78(1):43ā7.
Wadhwani CP, Schwedhelm ER, Tarica DY, Chung KH. Implant luting cements. In: Cementation in dental implantology. Berlin: Springer; 2015. p. 47ā82.
Kelly JR, Rungruanganunt P. Fatigue behavior of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture ceramic abutments as a function of design and ceramics processing. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2016;31(3):601ā9.
Zembic A, Bƶsch A, Jung RE, HƤmmerle CH, Sailer I. Five-year results of a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing zirconia and titanium abutments supporting single-implant crowns in canine and posterior regions. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(4):384ā90.
Zembic A, Philipp AO, HƤmmerle CH, Wohlwend A, Sailer I. Eleven-year follow-up of a prospective study of zirconia implant abutments supporting single all-ceramic crowns in anterior and premolar regions. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(S2):e417ā26.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moshaverinia, A., Schoenbaum, T.R. (2019). Cemented Implant Restorations in theĀ Aesthetic Zone: Biological, Functional, and Aesthetic Considerations. In: Schoenbaum, T. (eds) Implants in the Aesthetic Zone. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72601-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72601-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72600-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72601-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)