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The Biology of Early Life Stress pp 15–30Cite as

Psychobiological Consequences of Child Maltreatment

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Part of the book series: Child Maltreatment Solutions Network ((CMSN))

Abstract

Adversity in early life, such as childhood abuse, neglect, and loss, is a well-established major risk factor for developing a range of psychiatric and medical disorders later in life. Biological embedding of maltreatment during development is thought to underlie this long-term increased risk. Our results suggest that childhood trauma in humans is associated with sensitization of the stress response, glucocorticoid resistance, decreased oxytocin activity, inflammation, reduced hippocampal volume, and changes in cortical fields that are implicated in the perception or processing of the abuse. The consequences of childhood trauma are moderated by genetic factors and mediated by epigenetic changes in genes relevant for stress regulation. Understanding longitudinal trajectories of biological embedding, and their moderation by gene–environment interaction, is critical to enable us to design novel interventions that directly reverse these processes and to derive biomarkers that identify children who are at risk to develop disorders or are susceptible to a specific intervention.

Prepared for: Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Penn State Child Maltreatment Solutions Network. New Frontiers in the Biology of Stress Maltreatment and Trauma. Jennie Noll, Ph.D. (Ed.).

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Heim’s work is being funded by the German Ministry of Research and Education (01KR1301,01GL1743) and the National Institutes of Health (P50HD089922) as well as the Jacobs Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Christine Heim

  2. Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Christine Heim

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  1. The Pennsylvania State University, USA

    Jennie G. Noll

  2. Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA

    Idan Shalev

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Heim, C. (2018). Psychobiological Consequences of Child Maltreatment. In: Noll, J., Shalev, I. (eds) The Biology of Early Life Stress. Child Maltreatment Solutions Network. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72589-5_2

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