Skip to main content

Introduction of a European Strategy on No Net Loss of Biodiversity

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biodiversity Offsets

Abstract

A broad and intensive discussion has been ongoing within the EU and at the level of its Member States on how to achieve no net loss of biodiversity by the year 2020. This European discussion is embedded in a wider and at times controversial global debate on whether and how to implement new tools such as biodiversity offsets for managing impacts on biodiversity from economic developments beyond the already existing requirements of Natura 2000 conservation and offsetting (ten Kate et al. 2004; Gordon et al. 2011, 2015; The Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme/BBOP 2012a; Gardner et al. 2013; Quétier et al. 2014; Maron 2015; Maron et al. 2015a; Vaissière and Levrel 2015; Darbi in preparation).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/nnl/index_en.htm

References

  • Aiama D, Edwards S, Bos G, Ekstrom J, Krueger L, Quétier F, Savy C, Semroc B, Sneary M, Bennun L (2015) No net loss and net positive impact approaches for biodiversity: exploring the potential application of these approaches in the commercial agriculture and forestry sectors. International Union for Conservation of Nature. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2015-003.pdf. Last Access 7 Feb 2017

  • Bezombes L, Gaucherand S, Kerbiriou C, Reinert ME, Spiegelberger T (2017) Ecological equivalence assessment methods: what trade-offs between operationality, scientific basis and comprehensiveness? Environ Manag 60(2):216–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0877-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (2007) BBOP principles on biodiversity offsets. http://bbop.forest-trends.org/documents/files/bbop_principles.pdf. Last Access 30 Jan 2017

  • Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP) (2012a) Resource paper: limits to what can be offset. Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP) (2012b) Glossary, 2nd updated edn. BBOP, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP) (2012c) Resource paper: no net loss and loss-gain calculations in biodiversity offsets. BBOP, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Mitigating Wetland Losses (2002) Compensating for wetland losses under the clean water act. National Academy, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran M, Hellweg S, Beck J (2013) Is there any empirical support for biodiversity offset policy? Ecol Appl 24:617–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darbi M (in preparation) Biodiversity offsets between regulation and voluntary commitment. Springer Publishing House. Dissertation, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickie I, Mesquite S, Morandeau D, Stoeckel M-E, Weaver J, Wende W (2013) Glossary working group on no net loss of ecosystems and their services. European Commission, DG Environment. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/nnl/pdf/NNL_Glossary.pdf. Last Access 27 Jan 2017

  • EEC (1992) Council directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Off J Eur Union 206:7–50

    Google Scholar 

  • EEC (2009) Directive 2009/147/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds on the conservation of wild birds (codified version). Off J L20:7–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Froger G, Ménard S, Méral P (2015) Towards a comparative and critical analysis of biodiversity banks. Ecosyst Serv 15:152–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner T-A, von Hase A, Brownlie S, Ekstrom J-M-M, Pilgrim J-D, Savy C-D, Stephens R-T-T, Treweek J, Ussher G-T, Ward G, Ten Kate K (2013) Biodiversity offsets and the challenge of achieving no net loss. Conserv Biol 27(6):1254–1264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartman V, Bulling L, Dahmen M, Geißler G, Köppel J (2016) Mitigation measures for wildlife in wind energy development, consolidating the state of knowledge—part 1: planning and siting, construction. J Environ Assess Policy Manag 18(3):1650013. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333216500137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon A, Langford W-T, Todd J-A, White M-D, Mullerworth D-W, Bekessy S-A (2011) Assessing the impacts of biodiversity offset policies. Environ Model Softw 2(6):1481–1488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon A, Bull J-W, Wilcox C, Maron M (2015) Forum – perverse incentives risk undermining biodiversity offset policies. J Appl Ecol 52(2):532–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grunewald K, Bastian O (eds) (2015) Ecosystem services – concept, methods and case studies. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • ICF International, IEEP (2014) Study on specific design elements of biodiversity offsets: biodiversity metrics and mechanisms for securing long term conservation benefits. DG ENVIRONMENT: ENV.B.2/ETU/2013/0060r. Final Report. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/nnl/pdf/Biodiversity%20offsets%20metrics%20and%20mechanisms.pdf. Last Access 27 Jan 2017

  • Jacob C, Pioch S, Thorin S (2016a) The effectiveness of the mitigation hierarchy in environmental impact studies on marine ecosystems: a case study in France. Environ Impact Assess Rev 60:83–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob C, Vaissiere A-C, Bas A, Calvet C (2016b) Investigating the inclusion of ecosystem services in biodiversity offsetting. Ecosyst Serv 21:92–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozich A-T, Halvorsen K-E (2012) Compliance with wetland mitigation standards in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Environ Manag 50:97–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maron M (2015) Stop misuse of biodiversity offsets. Nature 523:401–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maron M, Bull J-W, Evans M-C, Gordon A (2015a) Locking in loss: baselines of decline in Australian biodiversity offset policies. Biol Conserv 192:504–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maron M, Gordon A, Mackey B-G, Possingham H-P, Watson J-E-M (2015b) Interactions between biodiversity offsets and protected area commitments: avoiding perverse outcomes. Conserv Lett 9(5):384–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenney BA, Kiesecker JM (2010) Policy development for biodiversity offsets: a review of offset frameworks. Environ Manag 45(1):165–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milieu, IEEP, ICF (2016) Evaluation study to support the fitness check of the birds and habitats directives. Milieu, Institute for European Environmental Policy and the ICF International, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • Quétier F, Regnery B, Levrel H (2014) No net loss of biodiversity or paper offsets? A critical review of the French no net loss policy. Environ Sci Pol 38:120–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ten Kate K, Bishop J, Bayon R (2004) Biodiversity offsets: views, experience, and the business case. IUCN and Insight Investment, Gland

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker G-M, Allen B, Conway M, Dickie I, Hart K, Rayment M, Schulp C, van Teeffelen A (2014) Policy options for an EU no net loss initiative. Report to the European Commission. Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/nnl/pdf/Policy%20Options.pdf. Last Access 23 Jun 2016

  • Tucker G-M, Dickie I, McNeil D, Rayment M, ten Brink P, Underwood E (2016) Supporting the elaboration of the impact assessment for a future EU initiative on no net loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Report to the European Commission. Institute for European Environmental Policy, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaissière A-C, Levrel H (2015) Biodiversity offset markets: what are they really? An empirical approach to wetland mitigation banking. Ecol Econ 110:81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Teeffelen A-J-A, Opdam P, Wätzold F, Hartig F, Johst K, Drechsler M, Vos C-C, Wissel S, Quétier F (2014) Ecological and economic conditions and associated institutional challenges for conservation banking in dynamic landscapes. Landsc Urban Plan 130:64–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wolfgang Wende .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wende, W., Bezombes, L., Reinert, ME. (2018). Introduction of a European Strategy on No Net Loss of Biodiversity. In: Wende, W., Tucker, G ., Quétier, F., Rayment, M., Darbi, M. (eds) Biodiversity Offsets. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72581-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics