Abstract
If left untreated, ASDs lead to pulmonary hypertension, atrial dysrhythmia, exercise intolerance and eventual clinical right heart failure. They may be responsible for an excessive burden of respiratory symptoms and occasionally failure to thrive during childhood. Most symptoms and complications are progressive so ideally closure should be performed during the paediatric age range, although it is rarely necessary before the age of 3 years.
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Thomson, J.D. (2019). Step-by-Step ASD Closure. In: Butera, G., Chessa, M., Eicken, A., Thomson, J.D. (eds) Atlas of Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72443-0_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72443-0_17
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