Step-by-Step Procedure: Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Abstract

Pulmonary valve stenosis is one of the most common congenital heart defects, in which the pulmonary valves opening from the right ventricle are restricted. Two clinical scenarios may occur: (1) critical pulmonary stenosis in neonates and (2) pulmonary valve stenosis in infants, children, and adolescents. Neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis are cyanotic and require prostaglandin infusion to maintain pulmonary blood flow. And patients with pulmonary valve stenosis beyond neonatal period are mostly asymptomatic, unless severe stenosis is present. With growth, moderate stenosis may cause symptoms, including fatigue, chest pain, arrhythmias, limited exercise tolerance, and cyanosis.