Abstract
Around half of the energy consumed in aluminum production is lost as waste heat. Approximately 30–45% of the total waste heat is carried away by the exhaust gas from the smelter and is the most easily accessible waste heat stream. Alcoa Fjarðaál in east Iceland produces 350 000 tons annually, emitting the 110 °C exhaust gas with 88.1 MW of heat, which contains 13.39 MW exergy. In this study, three scenarios, including organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system, heat supply system and combined heat and power (CHP) system, were proposed to recover waste heat from the exhaust gas. The electric power generation potential is estimated by ORC models. The maximum power output was found to be 2.57 MW for an evaporation temperature of 61.22 °C and R-123 as working fluid. 42.34 MW can be produced by the heat supply system with the same temperature drop of the exhaust gas in the ORC system. The heat requirement for local district heating can be fulfilled by the heat supply system, and there is a potential opportunity for agriculture, snow melting and other industrial applications. The CHP system is more comprehensive. 1.156 MW power and 23.55 MW heating capacity can be produced by CHP system. The highest energy efficiency is achieved by the heat supply system and the maximum power output can be obtained with the ORC system. The efficiency of energy utilization in aluminum production can be effectively improved by waste heat recovery as studied in this paper.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Orkustofnun (2017) OS-2017-T016-01: development of electricity consumption in Iceland. http://os.is/gogn/Talnaefni/OS-2017-T016-01.pdf. Accessed 30 Aug 2017
Zhang X, He M, Zhang Y (2012) A review of research on the Kalina cycle. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(7):5309–5318
Popovski K, Andritsos N, Fytikas M, Sanner B, Sanner S, Valdimarsson P (2010) Geothermal energy. Skopje
Ladam Y, Solheim A, Segatz M, Lorentsen OA (2011) Heat recovery from aluminum reduction cells. Light Met 2011:393–398
Ke W (2009) Research on waste heat power generation of aluminum reduction cells flue based on ORC. MSc thesis, Central South University, Changsha
Fleer M, Lorentsen OA, Harvey W, Palsson H, Saevarsdottir G (2010) Heat recovery from the exhaust gas of aluminum reduction cells. Minerals, Metals Materials Society/AIME (420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 USA [np] 14–18 Feb)
Sea surface temperature 1998 + (1 Month MWOI). NASA. https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/servlet/RenderData?si=1710746&cs=gs&format=SS.CSV&width=250&height=125. Accessed 4 Sep 2017
Dimian AC, Bildea CS, Kiss AA (2014) Integrated design and simulation of chemical processes, vol. 13. Elsevier
Caramia M, Dell’Olmo P (2008) Multi-objective management in freight logistics: increasing capacity, service level and safety with optimization algorithms. Springer
WU SY YITT, XIAO L (2014) Parametric optimization and performance analysis of subcritical organic Rankine cycle based on multi-objective function. CIESC J 65(10):4078–4085
Daniel JS, Velders GJM, Douglass AR, Forster PMD, Hauglustaine DA, Isaksen ISA, Kuijpers LJ, McCulloch A, Wallington TJ (2006) Halocarbon scenarios, ozone depletion potentials, and global warming potentials. Scientific assessment of ozone depletion, pp 8–1
Acknowledgements
Gratefully acknowledge Alcoa Foundation for the financial support of this work. The authors also wish to acknowledge Jón Steinar Garðarsson Mýrdal at Austurbrú, Hilmir Ásbjörnsson, Unnur Thorleifsdottir at Alcoa Fjarðaál and Þorsteinn Sigurjónsson at Fjarðabyggð Municipal Utility for their assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yu, M., Gudjonsdottir, M.S., Valdimarsson, P., Saevarsdottir, G. (2018). Waste Heat Recovery from Aluminum Production. In: Sun, Z., et al. Energy Technology 2018 . TMS 2018. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72362-4_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72362-4_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72361-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72362-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)