Abstract
The paper aimed to propose that mixed rare earth concentrate was decomposed by pressurized calcification where mechanical milling was applied simultaneously (also known as mechanochemical calcification). The bastnaesite and monazite were both decomposed by OH−, where released rare earth formed RE(OH)3, released fluorine and phosphorus formed CaF2 and Ca2P2O7. Then, the calcified slag was leached by diluted hydrochloric acid to extract rare earth and both recover fluorine and phosphorus. The phase transformation regularity, the behavioral trends of rare earth, fluorine and phosphorus were investigated. Results showed under the optimal conditions of ball to material weight 80:1, the calcification temperature 250 °C, the liquid-solid ratio 5:1, the leaching yield of rare earth reached to 92.16%, Ce was 86.47%, La was 97.58%, Nd was 99.99% and the mass fraction of F, P entering into calcified liquor were 8.27, 0.21% respectively. The micromorphology of the mineral has a transition from dense to fluffy, and then became dense again.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Huang X, Li H, Xue X, Zhang G et al (2006) Development status and research progress in rare Earth hydrometallurgy in China. J Chin Rare Earth Soc 24(2):129–133
Huang Y, Zhang T, Dou Z et al (2016) Influence of microwave heating on the extractions of fluorine and rare Earth elements from mixed rare earth concentrate. Hydrometallurgy 162:104–110
Huang Y, Zhang T, Dou Z et al (2016) Decomposition of the mixed rare earth concentrate by microwave-assisted method. J Rare Earths 34(5):529–535
Balaz P, Achimovicova M (2006) Mechano-chemical leaching in hydrometallurgy of complex sulphides. Hydrometallurgy 84(1–2):60–68
James SL, Adams CJ, Bolm C et al (2012) Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 41(1):413–447
Bowmaker GA, Chaichit N, Pakawatchai C et al (2008) Solvent-assisted mechanochemical synthesis of metal complexes. Dalton Trans 22:2926–2928
Billik P, Plesch G (2007) Mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2 from liquid TiCl4. Scripta Mater 56(11):979–982
Abdel Rehim AM (2005) A new technique for extracting zirconium form Egyptian zircon concentrate. Int J Miner Process 76(4):234–243
Kumar R, Alex TC, Jha MK et al (2004) Mechanochemistry and the Bayer process of alumina production. In: Paper presented at the 133rd TMS annual meeting, Charlotte, NC, 14–18 March 2004
Sun P, Li H, Li Y et al (1998) New technology on decomposition of monazite by mechanical activation and caustic decomposition. J Central South Univ 29(1):36–38
Tang F (2014) Study on efficient extraction of the rare earth from bastnaesite concentrate by calcification transition process. Master’s thesis, Northeastern University
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, No. 2012CBA01205) and the basic research universities special fund operations (N162505002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liu, J., Zhang, Ta., Dou, Z., Huang, Y. (2018). Study of the Mechanochemical Calcification for Mixed Rare Earth Concentrate. In: Kim, H., et al. Rare Metal Technology 2018. TMS 2018. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72350-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72350-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72349-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72350-1
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)