Abstract
This chapter makes the assumption that such linearity is no longer adequate. It argues that in order to articulate universal human rights today, a new conception and application of human security that acknowledges the increasing numbers of State-less people and non-citizens is necessary. It asks two sets of questions.
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What happens when the assumed reciprocal State-citizen relationship guaranteeing rights and responsibilities no longer holds or does not hold? If this rule of the game changes?
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What happens when NSAs divorce such material provision of elements of human security, for instance, of health care, from the State’s ultimate responsibility for (human) security? Where does the guarantee that belongs or belonged to the State under (Westphalian) sovereign obligation go?
This chapter attempts to address these questions and their consequences.
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Notes
- 1.
A panel discussion in Berlin, June 2017.
- 2.
The permittence of evil in the service of an overarching good/god.
- 3.
Interviews with Dr. Webber, Pretoria, 4 April 2017; Centre for Sexualities, AIDS and Gender, Pretoria, 4 April 2017; with M. Boddenberg, Deutsche Industry und Handelskammer - German Chambers of Commerce and Industry (DIHK), 3 April 2017; S. Timol, 9 April 2017).
- 4.
Author worked with Tsa-Botsogo, founded by Masi Makhalemele, 2003–2004, on strategic development.
- 5.
Interview with Suraiya Nawab, 5 April 2017.
- 6.
Conversation with T. Koloma Beck, Berlin, 13 July 2017.
- 7.
Original German: Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr.
- 8.
Private conversation with Dr. Roßmann, Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr, Heidelberg, 28. October 2016.
- 9.
Interview with M. Gertler, MSF/Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, 8 June 2016.
- 10.
NGOs are generally, if not nominally, run more democratically than is the case with hierarchical militaries.
- 11.
An exception here was German defense minister Ursula von der Leyen’s unprecedented call for ‘volunteers’ to staff and stem the effort to respond to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014–2015.
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Bindenagel Šehović, A. (2018). Beyond the Binary: Beyond States, Beyond Citizens. In: Reimagining State and Human Security Beyond Borders. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72068-5_4
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