Skip to main content

Demand and Market Research for Media and Information Products

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Media and Digital Management
  • 118k Accesses

Abstract

The chapter discusses how media companies organize their demand research. How do they collect data? On the user level, the approaches to data collection include surveys, focus groups, test marketing and demand experiments. Automatic audience metering has made great inroads, especially for websites. Measurement at the provider level includes retailer surveys, self-reporting, point-of-sale measurement and the tracking of downloads, Internet traffic, website visits and exposures to advertising. Once the data has been collected it must be analyzed. “Big data mining” techniques include statistical inference; clustering and anomaly detection; and association, correlation and econometric regression; also discussed are techniques of A/B testing, conjoint analysis and diffusion models. The final section deals with challenges in audience and market research: coordinating and integrating multiple user data flows, internationalization, privacy issues and restrictions on data collection and uses, and the creation of new research methodologies. Tracking these themes is the case discussion, which looks at the market analysis by the media company Viacom for three interrelated new media products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Gourville, John T. “Eager Sellers & Stony Buyers.” Harvard Business Review 84, no. 6 (June 2006): 98–106.

  2. 2.

    Tech News and Lifestyle Blog. “Top 50 Failed Technology Predictions of All Time.” Last accessed May 31, 2011. http://data-katalog.com/index.php?newsid=50975.

  3. 3.

    Tech News and Lifestyle Blog. “Top 50 Failed Technology Predictions of All Time.” Last accessed May 31, 2011. http://data-katalog.com/index.php?newsid=50975.

  4. 4.

    Gourville, John T. “Eager Sellers & Stony Buyers.” Harvard Business Review 84, no. 6. (June 2006): 98–106.

  5. 5.

    Gourville, John T. “Eager Sellers & Stony Buyers.” Harvard Business Review 84, no. 6. (June 2006): 98–106.

  6. 6.

    Livingstone, Sonia M. “The Rise and Fall of Audience Research: An Old Story With a New Ending.” Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (Autumn 1993): 5–12.

  7. 7.

    Czitrom, Daniel. Media and the American Mind. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1938, 122–146.

  8. 8.

    Nanji, Ayaz. “The 10 Biggest Advertisers in the United States.” Marketing Profs. July 22, 2016. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.marketingprofs.com/charts/2016/30313/the-10-biggest-advertisers-in-the-united-states.

  9. 9.

    Scott McDonald, interview with author, July 18, 2012.

  10. 10.

    Scott McDonald, interview with author, July 18, 2012.

  11. 11.

    Viacom. “Viacom Brands.” Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.viacom.com/brands/pages/default.aspx.

  12. 12.

    Kim, Hyo Gyoo. “Traditional Media Audience Measurement: Print and Broadcast Media.” 2006. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.citi.columbia.edu/B8210/read24/suggested/Audience3.htm.

  13. 13.

    Frankel, Martin R., Marc B. Glassman, and Eleanor Singer. “The Effect of Interviewer Characteristics and Expectations on Response.” Oxford Journal Volume 47, no.1 (Spring 1983): 68–83.

  14. 14.

    Kobak, James B. How to Start a Magazine. New York: M. Evans & Company, 2002.

  15. 15.

    Disregarding the negative sign.

  16. 16.

    Friedman, Robert, and Jason Squire. The Movie Business Book, 3rd ed. Maidenhead. UK: Open University Press, 2006, 282–298.

  17. 17.

    Marich, Robert. Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies Used by Major Studios and Independents. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Focal, 2005.

  18. 18.

    Conferex. “Excellence in Presentation.” 2008. Last accessed June 2, 2011. http://www.conferex.co.uk/index-3.html.

  19. 19.

    Albarran, Alan, and Sylvia Chan-Olmsted. Handbook of Media Management and Economics. Mawah, NJ: L.

    Erlbaum Associates, 2006, 629.

  20. 20.

    Marich, Robert. Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies Used by Major Studios and Independents. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Focal Press, 2005, 27.

  21. 21.

    Holden, Reed, and Thomas Nagle. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: A Guide to Profitable Decision Making, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001.

  22. 22.

    Varian, Hal R. “Kaizen, That Continuous Improvement Strategy, Finds Its Ideal Environment.” New York Times. February 8, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/08/business/08scene.html

  23. 23.

    Holden, Reed, and Thomas Nagle. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: A Guide to Profitable Decision Making, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001.

  24. 24.

    Holden, Reed, and Thomas Nagle. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: A Guide to Profitable Decision Making, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001.

  25. 25.

    European Audiovisual Observatory. “Sites of the TV Audience Measurement Companies.” August 2001. Last accessed June 1, 2011. http://www.obs.coe.int/db/gavis/00002194.html.

  26. 26.

    Albarran, Alan, and Sylvia Chan-Olmsted. Handbook of Media Management and Economics. Mawah, NJ: L.

    Erlbaum Associates, 2006, 632.

  27. 27.

    Baskerville, David. Music Business Handbook and Career Guide, 8th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2005.

  28. 28.

    Arbitron. “The Portable People Meter System.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.arbitron.com/downloads/esomar2000.pdf.

  29. 29.

    Coffey, Steve. “Internet Audience Measurement: A Practitioner’s View.” Journal of Interactive Advertising 1, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 13.

  30. 30.

    Deck, Cary A. et al. “Tracking Customer Search to Price Discriminate.” UArk.edu. June 2003. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://comp.uark.edu/~cdeck/Tracking%20Customer%20Search%20to%20Price%20Discriminate.pdf.

  31. 31.

    Delo, Cotton. “Your Guide to Who Measures What in the Online Space.” Advertising Age 82 (September 18, 2011): 1.

  32. 32.

    Innovateus. “What Is the Nielsen Rating System?” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-nielsen-rating-system; Delo, Cotton.“Your Guide to Who Measures What in the Online Space.” Advertising Age 82 (September 18, 2011): 1.

  33. 33.

    Brown, David. “Inferring User Interest.” IEEE Internet Computing 5, no. 6 (November 2001): 35.

  34. 34.

    Cooley, Robert. “Web Usage Mining: Discovery and Applications of Usage Patterns from Web Data.” SIGKIDD Explorations 18, no. 2 (January 2002): 13.

  35. 35.

    McDonald, Scott and James Collins. “Internet Site Measurement Developments and Print.” Presented at Worldwide Readership Research Symposium 2007, Vienna, October 2007.

  36. 36.

    Other major Hollywood market research firms are Marketcast (owned by Shamrock Capital). The French owned MPG closed down in 2014.

  37. 37.

    Shaw, David. “Tinseltown Spins Yarns, Media Take Bait.” Los Angeles Times. February 12, 2001. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://articles.latimes.com/2001/feb/12/news/mn-24444.

  38. 38.

    International Standard Rercording Code. “What is SoundScan?” 2010. Last accessed July 11, 2017. https://www.isrc.net/FAQ-Soundscan.php.

  39. 39.

    Horn, John. “DVD Sales Figures Turn Every Film into a Mystery.” Los Angeles Times. April 17, 2005. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://articles.latimes.com/2005/apr/17/entertainment/et-dvdmoney17.

  40. 40.

    MacNN. “Billboard, Nielsen tipped to track streaming music, video services.” November 20, 2014. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.electronista.com/articles/14/11/20/billboard.introducing.streaming.plays.digital.sales.into.album.chart/.

  41. 41.

    Hoffberger, Chase. “I bought myself 60,000 YouTube views for Christmas.” The Daily Dot. January 3, 2013. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.dailydot.com/entertainment/how-to-buy-youtube-views/.

  42. 42.

    McDonald, Scott, and James Collins. “Internet Site Measurement Developments and Print.” Presented at Worldwide Readership Research Symposium 2007, Vienna, October 2007.

  43. 43.

    Thielman, Sam. “Watching the TV Watchers: Companies jostle to measure network, online audiences.” Variety. January 12, 2001. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://variety.com/2011/digital/news/watching-the-tv-watchers-1118030108/.

  44. 44.

    Nirsoft. “Description.” 2011. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/cports.html.

  45. 45.

    Deck, Cary A., and Bart Wilson. “Tracking Customer Search to Price Discriminate.” Electronic Inquiry 44, no. 2 (April 2006): 280–295.

  46. 46.

    McDonald, Scott, and James Collins. “Internet Site Measurement Developments and Print.” Presented at Worldwide Readership Research Symposium 2007, Vienna, October 2007.

  47. 47.

    Search Microservices. “What is reach? - Definition from WhatIs.com.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/reach.

  48. 48.

    AMA. “Dictionary.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. https://www.ama.org/resources/Pages/Dictionary.aspx?dLetter=C.

  49. 49.

    Google. “Clickthrough rate (CTR): Definition.” Last accessed July 13, 2017. https://support.google.com/adwords/answer/2615875?hl=en

  50. 50.

    Bhandari, Rishi, Jonathan Gordon, and Andris Umblijs. “Getting beyond the buzz: Is your social media working?” Financial Times. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/811df72c-c477-11e1-a98c-00144feabdc0.html?ft_site=falcon&desktop=true#axzz4mYdPU7aR

  51. 51.

    Krug, Sammi. “Reactions Now Available Globally.” Facebook. February 24, 2016. Last accessed July 11, 2017.

    https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/02/reactions-now-available-globally/

  52. 52.

    Egeland, Chad. “5 Metrics You Should Be Tracking on Twitter, But Probably Aren’t.” Social Media Today. February 7, 2015. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/5-metrics-you-should-be-tracking-twitter-probably-arent.

  53. 53.

    Google. “Cost-per-click (CPC): Definition.” Last accessed July 13, 2017. https://support.google.com/adwords/answer/116495?hl=en.

  54. 54.

    Loomer, Jon. “How to Measure Facebook Advertising Success: Monitor These 5 Metrics.” Jon Loomer Digital. March 11, 2014. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.jonloomer.com/2013/09/10/facebook-ads-metrics/.

  55. 55.

    Koch, Richard. The Financial Times Guide to Strategy. London: FT Prentice Hall, 2000, 193.

  56. 56.

    Graph based on Koch, Richard. The Financial Times Guide to Strategy. London: FT Prentice Hall, 2000, 193.

  57. 57.

    Green, Jeremy et al. “Forecasting market demand for new telecommunications services: An introduction.” Telematics and Informatics 19, no. 3 (August 2002). Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585301000041.

  58. 58.

    Eliasburg, Jehoshua, and Steven M. Shugan. “Film Critics: Influencers or Predictors.” Journal of Marketing 61, no. 2 (April 1997): 68–78.

  59. 59.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf.

  60. 60.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11 g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf.

  61. 61.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf.

  62. 62.

    Oracle. “Data Mining Concepts.” Last accessed July 13, 2017.

    http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/datamine.112/e16808/algo_kmeans.htm#DMCON238.

  63. 63.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11 g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf

  64. 64.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf.

  65. 65.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11 g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf.

  66. 66.

    Olson, Randy. “Does a bigger film production budget result in more ticket sales?” Randal S. Olson. December 29, 2014. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.randalolson.com/2014/12/29/does-a-bigger-film-production-budget-result-in-more-ticket-sales/.

  67. 67.

    Statsoft. “Elementary Concepts in Statistics.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/elementary-concepts-in-statistics/.

  68. 68.

    Nagle, Thomas T., and Reed K. Holden. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: A Guide to Profitable Decision Making, 2nd ed. Hoboken: Prentice Hall, 1995.

  69. 69.

    Princeton University, Data and Statistical Services. “Interpreting Regression Output.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://dss.princeton.edu/online_help/analysis/interpreting_regression.htm.

  70. 70.

    AmosWeb. “Elasticity and Demand Slope”. 2000–2001. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=elasticity+and+demand+slope.

  71. 71.

    There are several types of samples. In a “random sample” each unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected. A “stratified random sample” is when one defines sub-groups and selects random samples from each sub-population group and pools them. A “convenient sample” uses accessible observations, for example choosing students on-campus for an academic marketing research study by a professor. The “judgment” sample is chosen according to the estimate of someone familiar with the characteristics of the overall population.

  72. 72.

    This follows the “Central Limit Theorem:” the true percentage of people watching a program will be at the peak of the distribution of the multiple samples.

  73. 73.

    Green, Paul E., and Vithala R. Rao. “Conjoint Measurement for Quantifying Judgmental Data.” Journal of Marketing Research 8, no. 3 (August 1971): 355–363.

  74. 74.

    Populus. “Conjoint Analysis.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.populus.com/files/Conjoint%20Introduction_1.pdf.

  75. 75.

    Nagle, Thomas T., and Reed K. Holden. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: A Guide to Profitable Decision Making, 2nd ed. Hoboken: Prentice Hall, 1995.

  76. 76.

    Nagle, Thomas T., and Reed K. Holden. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: A Guide to Profitable Decision Making, 2nd ed. Hoboken: Prentice Hall, 1995.

  77. 77.

    Populus. “Conjoint Analysis.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.populus.com/files/Conjoint%20Introduction_1.pdf.

  78. 78.

    A conjoint analysis of cellphones is provided in Chap. 11, Pricing of Media and Information.

  79. 79.

    McBurney, Peter, Simon Parsons, and Jeremy Green. “Forecasting market demand for new telecommunications services: An introduction.” Telematics and Informatics 19, no. 3 (2002): 225–249.

  80. 80.

    Wilson, Ralph. “The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing.” Web Marketing Today. February 1, 2005. Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.wilsonweb.com/wmt5/viral-principles.htm.

  81. 81.

    Carey, John, and Martin Elton. “Forecasting demand for new consumer services: Challenges and alternatives.” New Infotainment Technologies in the Home: Demand-Side Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 35–57.

  82. 82.

    The model makes several simplifying assumptions:

    • The market potential remains stable over time.

    • The model is binary; that is, it assumes that a customer either adopts or does not adopt an innovation.

    • Market and product characteristics have no influence on product diffusion.

  83. 83.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11 g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf.

  84. 84.

    McGlohon, Mary. “Data Mining Disasters: A report” Last accessed July 11, 2017. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~mmcgloho/pubs/accidents-sigbovik08.pdf.

  85. 85.

    Leber, Jessica. “The Failures of Google Flu Trends Show What’s Wrong with Big Data.” Fast Company. March 13, 2014. Last accessed July 11, 2017. https://www.fastcompany.com/3027585/the-failures-of-google-flu-trends-show-whats-wrong-with-big-data.

  86. 86.

    Lohr, Steve, and Natasha Singer. “How Data Failed Us in Calling an Election.” New York Times. November 10, 2016. Last accessed July 11, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/technology/the-data-said-clinton-would-win-why-you-shouldnt-have-believed-it.html.

  87. 87.

    Google. “TV, Digital, & Marketing Mix Modeling.” Last accessed July 11, 2017. https://www.google.com/analytics/attribution/features/.

  88. 88.

    Noam, Eli. “Research Demands on Demand Research.” In Telecommunications Demand and Investments: The Road Ahead. Eds. James Alleman et al. New York: Springer, 2014.

  89. 89.

    Berger, Charlie. “Oracle Data Mining 11 g Release 2: Competing on In-Database Analytics.” Oracle White Paper. February 2012. Last accessed July 13, 2017. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-analytics/odm/twp-data-mining-11gr2-160025.pdf.

  90. 90.

    Holden, Reed, and Thomas Nagle. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: A Guide to Profitable Decision Making, 3rd ed. Hoboken: Prentice Hall, 2001.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Quiz Answers

Quiz Answers

  1. 1.

    B

  2. 2.

    B

  3. 3.

    C

  4. 4.

    B

  5. 5.

    D

  6. 6.

    C

  7. 7.

    E

  8. 8.

    C

  9. 9.

    B

  10. 10.

    E

  11. 11.

    E

  12. 12.

    D

  13. 13.

    E

  14. 14.

    D.

  15. 15.

    B

  16. 16.

    E

  17. 17.

    D

  18. 18.

    B

  19. 19.

    B

  20. 20.

    A

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Noam, E.M. (2019). Demand and Market Research for Media and Information Products. In: Media and Digital Management. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72000-5_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics