Abstract
Seattle is experiencing a variety of challenges to its traditional linear economy from issues relating to air pollution, climate change, energy, population growth, waste, and water. In response, Seattle has implemented a variety of upstream and downstream fiscal and non-fiscal tools to develop the circular economy and encourage a life cycle perspective to be taken by economic actors in an attempt to decouple economic growth from resource use and associated environmental impacts.
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Notes
- 1.
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- 2.
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- 3.
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- 4.
The Seattle Times. 2016b. Seattle area’s air quality gets poor grades [Online]. Available: http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-areas-air-quality-gets-poor-grades/.
- 5.
Washington State Department of Ecology. 2009. Health effects and economic impacts of fine particle pollution in Washington. Available: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0902021.pdf.
- 6.
Seattle Office of Sustainability and Environment. 2017a. Preparing for climate change. Available: https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/OSE/ClimateDocs/SEAClimatePreparedness_August2017.pdf.
- 7.
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- 8.
U.S. EPA. 2017. Climate impacts in the Northwest [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-northwest.
- 9.
Office of Planning and Community Development. 2017. About Seattle [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/opcd/population-and-demographics/about-seattle.
- 10.
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- 11.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2013. Seattle solid waste trends. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/cs/groups/public/@spu/@garbage/documents/webcontent/02_015204.pdf.
- 12.
City of Seattle. 2013. 2013 Water system plan: Plan summary. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/cs/groups/public/@spu/@water/documents/webcontent/04_007871.pdf.
- 13.
City of Seattle. 2017b. Long-range water demand forecast and firm yield estimate [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/Documents/Plans/Water/DemandForecast/index.htm.
- 14.
U.S. EPA. 2017. Climate impacts in the Northwest [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-northwest.
- 15.
Saving Water Partnership. 2017. Commercial and industrial facilities [Online]. Available: http://www.savingwater.org/Businesses/CommercialIndustrial/index.htm.
- 16.
Seattle City Light. 2017a. Funding your project [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/light/business/incentives/default.asp.
- 17.
Seattle City Light. 2017c. Smart business program [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/light/Conserve/business/cv5_sbiz.htm.
- 18.
Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections. 2017b. Priority green facilitated. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/permits/greenbuildingincentives/prioritygreenfacilitated/default.htm.
- 19.
Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections. 2017a. Priority green expedited [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/permits/greenbuildingincentives/prioritygreenexpedited/default.htm.
- 20.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017e. Green your business [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/index.htm.
- 21.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017h. Water footprint request form [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/SaveWater/WaterFootprintRequestForm/index.htm.
- 22.
Seattle City Light. 2017b. New construction [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/light/conserve/business/cv5_ncp.htm.
- 23.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017c. Commercial/Business customers [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/SolidWaste/FoodYardBusinesses/Commercial/index.htm.
- 24.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017b. Clear alleys program rates [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/SolidWaste/GarbageBusinesses/Commercial/ClearAlleyProgram/Rates/index.htm.
- 25.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017a. About the map [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/GetontheMap/AbouttheMap/index.htm.
- 26.
Seattle Office of Sustainability and Environment. 2017b. Why benchmarking is required [Online]. Available: https://www.seattle.gov/environment/buildings-and-energy/energy-benchmarking-and-reporting/why-benchmarking-is-required---about-the-law.
- 27.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017g. Tools, resources and guides [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/ToolsResourcesGuides/index.htm.
- 28.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017f. Recycling required for construction and demolition project [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/Construction/CDWasteManagement/RecyclingRequirements/index.htm.
- 29.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2017d. Food service packaging requirements [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/SolidWaste/FoodYardBusinesses/Commercial/FoodPackagingRequirements/index.htm.
References
City of Seattle. 2013. 2013 Water system plan: Plan summary. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/cs/groups/public/@spu/@water/documents/webcontent/04_007871.pdf.
———. 2017a. Fuel mix: How Seattle City Light electricity is generated [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/light/FuelMix/.
———. 2017b. Long-range water demand forecast and firm yield estimate [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/Documents/Plans/Water/DemandForecast/index.htm.
Office of Planning and Community Development. 2017. About Seattle [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/opcd/population-and-demographics/about-seattle.
Saving Water Partnership. 2017. Commercial and industrial facilities [Online]. Available: http://www.savingwater.org/Businesses/CommercialIndustrial/index.htm.
Seattle City Light. 2017a. Funding your project [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/light/business/incentives/default.asp.
———. 2017b. New construction [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/light/conserve/business/cv5_ncp.htm.
———. 2017c. Smart business program [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/light/Conserve/business/cv5_sbiz.htm.
Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections. 2017a. Priority green expedited [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/permits/greenbuildingincentives/prioritygreenexpedited/default.htm.
———. 2017b. Priority green facilitated. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/permits/greenbuildingincentives/prioritygreenfacilitated/default.htm.
Seattle Department of Planning and Development. 2016. Priority green permmitting pilot program: Getting started. Available: https://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cs/groups/pan/@pan/documents/web_informational/dpds021376.pdf.
Seattle Office of Sustainability and Environment. 2017a. Preparing for climate change. Available: https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/OSE/ClimateDocs/SEAClimatePreparedness_August2017.pdf.
———. 2017b. Why benchmarking is required [Online]. Available: https://www.seattle.gov/environment/buildings-and-energy/energy-benchmarking-and-reporting/why-benchmarking-is-required---about-the-law.
———. Frequently asked questions: City of Seattle building tune-up requirement. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/OSE/Tune-Up_Website_FAQ.pdf.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2013. Seattle solid waste trends. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/cs/groups/public/@spu/@garbage/documents/webcontent/02_015204.pdf.
———. 2017a. About the map [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/GetontheMap/AbouttheMap/index.htm.
———. 2017b. Clear alleys program rates [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/SolidWaste/GarbageBusinesses/Commercial/ClearAlleyProgram/Rates/index.htm.
———. 2017c. Commercial/Business customers [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/SolidWaste/FoodYardBusinesses/Commercial/index.htm.
———. 2017d. Food service packaging requirements [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/SolidWaste/FoodYardBusinesses/Commercial/FoodPackagingRequirements/index.htm.
———. 2017e. Green your business [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/index.htm.
———. 2017f. Recycling required for construction and demolition project [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/Construction/CDWasteManagement/RecyclingRequirements/index.htm.
———. 2017g. Tools, resources and guides [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/ToolsResourcesGuides/index.htm.
———. 2017h. Water footprint request form [Online]. Available: http://www.seattle.gov/Util/ForBusinesses/GreenYourBusiness/SaveWater/WaterFootprintRequestForm/index.htm.
The Seattle Times. 2016a. $80,000 median: Income gain in Seattle far outpaces other cities . Available: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/80000-median-wage-income-gain-in-seattle-far-outpaces-othercities/.
———. 2016b. Seattle area’s air quality gets poor grades [Online]. Available: http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-areas-air-quality-gets-poor-grades/.
———. 2017. Seattle once again nation’s fastest-growing big city; population exceeds 700,000 [Online]. Available: http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-once-again-nations-fastest-growing-big-city-population-exceeds-700000/.
Trade Development Alliance of Greater Seattle. 2015. Greater Seattle economy [Online]. Available: http://www.seattletradealliance.com/economy/about-greater-seattle.
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2017. Gross domestic product by state: Fourth quarter and annual 2016. Available: https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2017/pdf/qgsp0517.pdf.
U.S. EPA. 2017. Climate impacts in the Northwest [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-northwest.
Washington State Department of Ecology. 2009. Health effects and economic impacts of fine particle pollution in Washington. Available: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0902021.pdf.
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Brears, R.C. (2018). Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy in Seattle. In: Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy. Palgrave Studies in Natural Resource Management . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71888-0_4
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