Abstract
London is experiencing a variety of challenges to its traditional linear economy from issues relating to air pollution, climate change, energy, population growth, waste, and water. In response, London has implemented a variety of upstream and downstream fiscal and non-fiscal tools to develop the circular economy and encourage a life cycle perspective to be taken by economic actors in an attempt to decouple economic growth from resource use and associated environmental impacts.
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Notes
- 1.
GLA Economics. 2017. A description of London’s economy. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/description-londons-economy-working-paper-85.pdf.
- 2.
Mayor of London. 2016. London’s economic outlook: Spring 2016 [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/business-and-economy-publications/londons-economic-outlook-spring-2016.
- 3.
Mayor of London. 2017i. Updated analysis of air pollution exposure in London – Final report. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/WHAT-WE-DO/environment/environment-publications/updated-analysis-air-pollution-exposure-london-final.
- 4.
Mayor of London. 2011. Managing risks and increasing resilience: our adaptation strategy. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/WHAT-WE-DO/environment/environment-publications/managing-risks-and-increasing-resilience-our.
- 5.
Mayor of London. 2017b. Draft London Environment Strategy – have your say. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/draft-london-environment-strategy-have-your-say.
- 6.
Office for National Statistics. 2016. Population dynamics of UK city regions since mid-2011 [Online]. Available: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/articles/populationdynamicsofukcityregionssincemid2011/2016-10-11.
- 7.
Mayor of London. 2017b. Draft London Environment Strategy – have your say. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/draft-london-environment-strategy-have-your-say.
- 8.
The Guardian. 2016. London population growth rate twice that of UK, official figures show [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/oct/12/london-population-growth-twice-that-of-uk-official-figures-show.
- 9.
Mayor of London. 2017b. Draft London Environment Strategy – have your say. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/draft-london-environment-strategy-have-your-say.
- 10.
Ibid.
- 11.
Circular Economy Club. 2016. London Waste & Recycling Board – UK [Online]. Available: https://www.circulareconomyclub.com/lwarb_uk/.
- 12.
LWARB. 2016. Establishing London’s circular economy. Available: http://www.insidegovernment.co.uk/uploads/2016/09/wayne-hubbard.pdf.
- 13.
London Leaders. 2015. Identifying and nurturing London’s most exciting and innovative new leaders in 20 sustainable business and communities. Available: http://www.londonsdc.org.uk/documents/2015LondonLeadersBrochure_Digital_FINAL.pdf.
- 14.
City of London. 2017b. Clean City Awards Scheme [Online]. Available: https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/waste-and-recycling/commercial-waste-and-recycling/clean-city-awards/Pages/default.aspx, City of London. 2017a. Awards assessment [Online]. Available: https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/waste-and-recycling/commercial-waste-and-recycling/clean-city-awards/Pages/Awards-assessment.aspx.
- 15.
LWARB. 2017a. Advance London [Online]. Available: http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/what-we-do/advance-london/#circular-business-models.
- 16.
LWARB. 2017c. Circular economy champions programme [Online]. Available: http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/what-we-do/circular-london/circular-economy-champions-programme/.
- 17.
Mayor of London. 2017e. The Mayor’s entrepreneur [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/smart-london-and-innovation/mayor-entrepreneur-2017#acc-i-42604.
- 18.
Mayor of London. 2014. Sustainable design and construction. Supplementary planning guidance. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/gla_migrate_files_destination/Sustainable%20Design%20%26%20Construction%20SPG.pdf.
- 19.
Mayor of London. 2017h. Smart London Investor Showcase [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/business-and-economy/science-and-technology/smart-london/mayor-and-smart/smart-london-0#acc-i-43572.
- 20.
Mayor of London. 2017g. RE:FIT [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/energy/energy-buildings/refit.
- 21.
Hydrogen London. 2017. About us [Online]. Available: http://www.hydrogenlondon.org/about-hydrogen-london/.
- 22.
Mayor of London. 2017c. Mayor’s air quality fund [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/pollution-and-air-quality/mayors-air-quality-fund.
- 23.
LLECP. 2017. About [Online]. Available: http://www.llecp.org.uk/about/about-project.
- 24.
Mayor of London. 2017a. Crowdfund London: Create. Fund. Launch [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/regeneration/funding-opportunities/crowdfund-london/about#acc-i-47068.
- 25.
FoodSave. 2017. About [Online]. Available: http://www.foodsave.org/about/.
- 26.
Mayor of London. 2017d. The Mayor’s biodiesel programme [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/waste-and-recycling/mayors-biodiesel-programme.
- 27.
Mayor of London. 2017j. Waste map [Online]. Available: https://maps.london.gov.uk/webmaps/waste/.
- 28.
Mayor of London. 2017k. What is the London heat map? [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/energy/london-heat-map/what-london-heat-map.
- 29.
Mayor of London. 2017l. Who does the heat map help? [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/energy/london-heat-map/who-does-heat-map-help#acc-i-43816.
- 30.
Mayor of London. 2017f. Mayor unveils new cleaner vehicle checker scheme [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/city-hall-blog/mayor-unveils-new-cleaner-vehicle-checker-scheme.
- 31.
LWARB. 2017b. #CEHACK17 [Online]. Available: http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/what-we-do/advance-london/investment-for-businesses/innovation-challenges/cehack17/.
References
Circular Economy Club. 2016. London Waste & Recycling Board – UK [Online]. Available: https://www.circulareconomyclub.com/lwarb_uk/.
City of London. 2017a. Awards assessment [Online]. Available: https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/waste-and-recycling/commercial-waste-and-recycling/clean-city-awards/Pages/Awards-assessment.aspx.
———. 2017b. Clean City Awards Scheme [Online]. Available: https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/waste-and-recycling/commercial-waste-and-recycling/clean-city-awards/Pages/default.aspx.
FoodSave. 2017. About [Online]. Available: http://www.foodsave.org/about/.
GLA Economics. 2017. A description of London’s economy. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/description-londons-economy-working-paper-85.pdf.
Hydrogen London. 2017. About us [Online]. Available: http://www.hydrogenlondon.org/about-hydrogen-london/.
LLECP. 2017. About [Online]. Available: http://www.llecp.org.uk/about/about-project.
London Leaders. 2015. Identifying and nurturing London’s most exciting and innovative new leaders in 20sustainable business and communities. Available: http://www.londonsdc.org.uk/documents/2015LondonLeadersBrochure_Digital_FINAL.pdf.
LWARB. 2016. Establishing London’s circular economy. Available: http://www.insidegovernment.co.uk/uploads/2016/09/wayne-hubbard.pdf.
———. 2017a. Advance London [Online]. Available: http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/what-we-do/advance-london/#circular-business-models.
———. 2017b. #CEHACK17 [Online]. Available: http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/what-we-do/advance-london/investment-for-businesses/innovation-challenges/cehack17/.
———. 2017c. Circular economy champions programme [Online]. Available: http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/what-we-do/circular-london/circular-economy-champions-programme/.
Mayor of London. 2011. Managing risks and increasing resilience: our adaptation strategy. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/WHAT-WE-DO/environment/environment-publications/managing-risks-and-increasing-resilience-our.
———. 2014. Sustainable design and construction. Supplementary planning guidance. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/gla_migrate_files_destination/Sustainable%20Design%20%26%20Construction%20SPG.pdf.
———. 2015. About the 2015 awards [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/energy/about-2015-awards.
———. 2016. London’s economic outlook: Spring 2016 [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/business-and-economy-publications/londons-economic-outlook-spring-2016.
———. 2017a. Crowdfund London: Create. Fund. Launch [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/regeneration/funding-opportunities/crowdfund-london/about#acc-i-47068.
———. 2017b. Draft London Environment Strategy – have your say. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/draft-london-environment-strategy-have-your-say.
———. 2017c. Mayor’s Air Quality Fund [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/pollution-and-air-quality/mayors-air-quality-fund.
———. 2017d. The Mayor’s biodiesel programme [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/waste-and-recycling/mayors-biodiesel-programme.
———. 2017e. The Mayor’s entrepreneur [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/smart-london-and-innovation/mayor-entrepreneur-2017#acc-i-42604.
———. 2017f. Mayor unveils new cleaner vehicle checker scheme [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/city-hall-blog/mayor-unveils-new-cleaner-vehicle-checker-scheme.
———. 2017g. RE:FIT [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/energy/energy-buildings/refit.
———. 2017h. Smart London Investor Showcase [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/business-and-economy/science-and-technology/smart-london/mayor-and-smart/smart-london-0#acc-i-43572.
———. 2017i. Updated analysis of air pollution exposure in London – Final report. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/WHAT-WE-DO/environment/environment-publications/updated-analysis-air-pollution-exposure-london-final.
———. 2017j. Waste map [Online]. Available: https://maps.london.gov.uk/webmaps/waste/.
———. 2017k. What is the London heat map? [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/energy/london-heat-map/what-london-heat-map.
———. 2017l. Who does the Heat Map help? [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/energy/london-heat-map/who-does-heat-map-help#acc-i-43816.
Office for National Statistics. 2016. Population dynamics of UK city regions since mid-2011 [Online]. Available: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/articles/populationdynamicsofukcityregionssincemid2011/2016-10-11.
The Guardian. 2016. London population growth rate twice that of UK, official figures show [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/oct/12/london-population-growth-twice-that-of-uk-official-figures-show.
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Brears, R.C. (2018). Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy in London. In: Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy. Palgrave Studies in Natural Resource Management . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71888-0_3
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