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Normal Versus Adventitious Respiratory Sounds

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Breath Sounds

Abstract

Respiratory sounds are composed by normal and adventitious respiratory sounds which comprise the sounds heard over the trachea/mouth and chest wall. All sounds can be described using frequency, intensity, and timbre. Frequency and intensity are perceived by human beings as pitch and loudness, respectively. Timbre allows the differentiation between two sounds with the same frequency and intensity. For respiratory sounds, some additional information is often informative, such as the timing within the respiratory cycle in which the sound occurs, the sound duration, and the influence of gravity/forced expiratory maneuvers on the sound. It is also important to know the origin and mechanisms of the respiratory sound. Normal and adventitious respiratory sounds can be highly informative about a person’s respiratory health as it is known that their characteristics change with gender, location where it is heard, body size, body position, and airflow, being particularly different between children and adults and in the presence of a respiratory condition. This chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of the use of normal and adventitious respiratory sounds for identifying respiratory conditions and their severity and monitoring respiratory interventions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lab 3R—Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal

    Alda Marques & Ana Oliveira

  2. Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Alda Marques & Ana Oliveira

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  1. Alda Marques
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  2. Ana Oliveira
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Correspondence to Alda Marques .

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  1. Children’s Respiratory and Allergy Unit, Third Department of Paediatrics “Attikon” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Kostas N. Priftis

  2. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis

  3. Division of Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia

    Mark L. Everard

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Marques, A., Oliveira, A. (2018). Normal Versus Adventitious Respiratory Sounds. In: Priftis, K., Hadjileontiadis, L., Everard, M. (eds) Breath Sounds. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71824-8_10

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