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Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2

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Polyglutamine Disorders

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1049))

Abstract

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is autosomal dominantly inherited and caused by CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene. Because the CAG repeat expansion is localized to an encoded region of ATXN2, the result is an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the ATXN2 protein. SCA2 is characterized by progressive ataxia, and slow saccades. No treatment for SCA2 exists. ATXN2 mutation causes gains of new or toxic functions for the ATXN2 protein, resulting in abnormally slow Purkinje cell (PC) firing frequency and ultimately PC loss. This chapter describes the characteristics of SCA2 patients briefly, and reviews ATXN2 molecular features and progress toward the identification of a treatment for SCA2.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Duong P. Huynh and Sharan Paul for editing the chapter. We thank Darren Ames and Lance Pflieger for assistance with transcriptome analysis computations.

Funding

This work was supported by the Carmen and Louis Warschaw Endowment Fund, the National Ataxia Foundation, grants R01NS33123, R56NS33123 and R37NS033123 from the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to SMP, the Noorda foundation to SMP, and grants RC4NS073009 and R21NS081182 to DRS and SMP. SMP received grant support from the Target ALS Foundation.

Conflict of Interest Statement

SMP is a consultant for Progenitor Life Sciences.

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  1. Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Drive East, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    Daniel R. Scoles & Stefan M. Pulst

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Correspondence to Stefan M. Pulst .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine; Centre for Biomedical Research and Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Clévio Nóbrega

  2. Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Luís Pereira de Almeida

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Scoles, D.R., Pulst, S.M. (2018). Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. In: Nóbrega, C., Pereira de Almeida, L. (eds) Polyglutamine Disorders. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1049. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_8

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