Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Early Onset Scoliosis pp 245–270Cite as

Complications with Early Onset Scoliosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 893 Accesses

Abstract

The surgical management of early onset scoliosis is fraught with a number of complications. In addition to medical complications associated with a heterogeneous group of underlying diagnoses, the potential for surgical complications is high given the paucity of spine/rib anchors and the competing effort to control deformity while allowing spinal growth. While the literature does not offer high level of evidence guidance on how to avoid complications related to implants, certain principles dictate that one should treat the entirety of the spinal deformity with a construct which is long enough to do so, utilizing dual-rod techniques for most deformities and whenever feasible, utilizing sufficient anchors to avoid early bone-implant failure. Risk factors for implant failure such as kyphosis and non-idiopathic diagnoses must be recognized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bess S, Akbarnia BA, Thompson GH, et al. Complications of growing-rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis: analysis of one hundred and forty patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:2533–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Smith JT, et al. A new classifcation system to report complications in growing spine surgery: a multicenter consensus study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:798–803.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Watanabe K, et al. Risk factors for complications associated with growing-rod surgery for early-onset scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(8):E464–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fletcher ND, et al. Serial casting as a delay tactic in the treatment of moderate-to-severe early-onset scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32:664–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Baulesh DM, et al. The role of serial casting in early-onset scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32:658–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Backeljauw B, Holland SK, Altaye M, Loepke AW. Cognition and brain structure following early childhood surgery with anesthesia. Pediatrics. 2015;136(1):e1–e12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Ing C, DiMaggio C, Whitehouse A, et al. Long-term differences in language and cognitive function after childhood exposure to anesthesia. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):e476–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sun LS, et al. Association between a single general anesthesia exposure before age 36 months and neurocognitive outcomes in later childhood. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2312–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Johnston CE, et al. Comparison of growing rod instrumentation versus serial cast treatment for early-onset scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2013;1(5):339–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Matsumoto H, et al. Psychosocial effects of repetitive surgeries in children with early-onset scoliosis: are we putting them at risk? J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34(2):172–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Flynn JM, et al. Psychological dysfunction in children who require repetitive surgery for early onset scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(6):594–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sink EL, et al. Efficacy of perioperative halo-gravity traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21(4):519–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nemani VM, et al. Preoperative halo-gravity traction for severe spinal deformities at an SRS-GOP site in West Africa: protocols, complications, and results. Spine. 2015;40(3):153–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Grabekyan T, et al. The results of preoperative halo-gravity traction in children with severe spinal deformity. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2014;23(1):1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bogunovic. Preoperative halo-gravity traction for severe pediatric spinal deformity: complications, radiographic correction and changes in pulmonary function. Spine Deform. 2013;1(1):33–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Schroerlucke SR, et al. How does thoracic kyphosis affect patient outcomes in growing rod surgery? Spine. 2012;37(15):1303–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Vitale et al. Proximal Rib vs Proximal Spine Anchors in Growing Rods: A Multicenter Prospective Study. Spine Deformity. 2015;3(6): 626–627

    Google Scholar 

  18. Martin BD, et al. Intrathecal anomalies in presumed infantile idiopathic scoliosis: when is MRI necessary? Spine Deform. 2014;2(6):444–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Khorsand D, et al. Iatrogenic radiation exposure to patients with early onset spine and chest wall deformities. Spine. 2013;38(17):E1108–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Williams BA, et al. Development and initial validation of the classification of early-onset scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96:1359–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Akbarnia BA, Marks DS, Boachie-Adjei O, et al. Dual growing rod technique for the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis: a multicenter study. Spine. 2005;30:S46–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kamaci S, et al. The effect of dual growing rod instrumentation on the apical vertebral rotation in early-onset idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34(6):607–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang JS, Sponseller PD, et al. Growing rod fractures: risk factors and opportunities for prevention. Spine. 2011;36(20):1639–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Grzywna AM, et al. Offset layered closure reduces deep wound infection in early-onset scoliosis surgery. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2016;25(4):361–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jain A, et al. Avoidance of “final” surgical fusion after growing-rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(13):1073–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sawyer JR, et al. Complications and radiographic outcomes of posterior spinal fusion and observation in patients who have undergone distraction-based treatment for early onset scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2016;4(6):407–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Poe-Kochert C, et al. Final fusion after growing-rod treatment for early onset scoliosis: is it really final? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(22):1913–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA

    Brandon A. Ramo MD & Charles E. Johnston MD

  2. Department of Orthoapedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA

    Brandon A. Ramo MD & Charles E. Johnston MD

Authors
  1. Brandon A. Ramo MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Charles E. Johnston MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles E. Johnston MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Ron El-Hawary

  2. Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

    Craig P. Eberson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ramo, B.A., Johnston, C.E. (2018). Complications with Early Onset Scoliosis. In: El-Hawary, R., Eberson, C. (eds) Early Onset Scoliosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71580-3_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71580-3_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71579-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71580-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation