Abstract
The role of social support in psychological well-being has been a major area of study for social scientists for more than four decades. This chapter investigates the consequences of support processes from the perspective of the provider, bringing together perspectives from family gerontology and social networks. With data from the Within-Family Differences Study (WFDS), this chapter explores whether multiplexity in older mothers’ differential preferences for support from their offspring predict adult children’s depressive symptoms. Results indicate that adult children report higher levels of depressive symptoms when they perceive that their mothers prefer them over other offspring in the family for both emotional closeness and confiding. These consequences are greater for daughters relative to sons.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allison, P. D. (2010). Missing data. In J. Wright & P. Marsden (Eds.), Handbook of survey research (pp. 631–658). Bingley: Emerald Group Limited.
Antonucci, T. C., Ajrouch, K. J., & Birditt, K. S. (2014). The convoy model: Explaining social relations from a multidisciplinary perspective. Gerontologist, 54(1), 82–92.
Barnett, A. E. (2015). Adult child caregiver health trajectories and the impact of multiple roles over time. Research on Aging, 37, 227–252.
Bernard, J. (1975). Adolescence and socialization for motherhood. In S. E. Dragastin & G. H. Elder Jr. (Eds.), Adolescence in the life cycle, psychological change and social context (pp. 227–252). Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Co.
Bianchi, S. M., Robinson, J. P., & Milkie, M. A. (2006). Changing rhythms in American family life. New York: Russell Sage.
Bianchi, S. M., Sayer, L. C., Milkie, M. A., & Robinson, J. P. (2012). Housework: Who did, does or will do it, and how much does it matter? Social Forces, 91(1), 55–63.
Bookwala, J. (2009). The impact of parent care on marital quality and well-being in adult daughters and sons. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64B(3), 339–347.
Carr, D., & Umberson, D. (2013). The social psychology of stress, health, and coping. In J. Delamater & A. Ward (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 465–487). Dordrecht: Springer.
Cheng, S.-T., Mak, E. P. M., Lau, R. W. L., Ng, N. S. S., & Lam, L. C. W. (2016). Voices of Alzheimer caregivers of positive aspects of caregiving. Gerontologist, 56, 451–460.
Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Clarke, P. J., Marshall, V. W., House, J. S., & Lantz, P. M. (2011). The social structuring of mental health over the adult life course: Advancing theory in the sociology of aging. Social Forces, 89(4), 1287–1313.
Connidis, I. A., & McMullin, J. A. (2002). Ambivalence, family ties, and doing sociology. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 594–601.
Coser, R. L. (1966). Role distance, sociological ambivalence, and transitional status systems. American Journal of Sociology, 72(2), 173–187.
Coser, R. L. (1991). In defense of modernity: Role complexity and individual autonomy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Feinberg, M., & Mavis Hetherington, E. (2001). Differential parenting as a within-family variable. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(1), 22–37.
Frisco, M. L., & Williams, K. (2003). Perceived housework equity, marital happiness, and divorce in dual-earner households. Journal of Family Issues, 24(1), 51–73.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Glenn, E. N. (2010). Forced to care: Coercion and caregiving in America. Boston: Harvard Press.
Goode, W. J. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25, 483–496.
Grote, N. K., Clark, M. S., & Moore, A. (2004). Perceptions of injustice in family work: The role of psychological distress. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(3), 480–492.
Haber, M. G., Cohen, J. L., Lucas, T., & Baltes, B. B. (2007). The relationship between self-reported received and perceived social support: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Psychology, 39, 133–144.
Heck, R. H., Thomas, S., & Tabata, L. (2013). Multilevel modeling of categorical outcomes using IBM SPSS. New York: Routledge Academic.
Jensen, A. C., Whiteman, S. D., Fingerman, K. L., & Birditt, K. S. (2013). “Life still isn’t fair”: Parental differential treatment of young adult siblings. Journal of Marriage and Family, 75(2), 438–452.
Kalmijn, M., & Liefbroer, A. C. (2011). Nonresponse of secondary respondents in multi-actor surveys: Determinants, consequences, and possible remedies. Journal of Family Issues, 32(6), 735–766.
Kamo, Y. (2000). ‘He said, she said’: Assessing discrepancies in husbands’ and wives’ reports on the division of household labor. Social Science Research, 29(4), 459–476.
Kapferer, B. (1969). Norms and the manipulation of relationships in a work context. In J. C. Mitchell (Ed.), Social networks in urban situations. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Lavee, Y., & Katz, R. (2002). Divison of labor, perceived fairness, and marital quality: The effect of gender ideology. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(1), 27–39.
Leopold, T., Raab, M., & Engelhardt, H. (2014). The transition to parent care: Costs, commitments, and caregiver selection among children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(2), 300–318.
Lin, I.-f., Fee, H. R., & Hsueh-Sheng, W. (2012). Negative and positive caregiving experiences: A closer look at the intersection of gender and relationship quality. Family Relations, 61, 343–358.
Luescher, K., & Pillemer, K. (1998). Intergenerational ambivalence: A new approach to the study of parent-child relations in later life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60(2), 413–425.
Lyons, J. G., Cauley, J. A., & Fredman, L. (2015). The effect of transitions in caregiving states and intensity on perceived stress among 992 female caregivers and noncaregivers. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70(8), 1018–1023.
Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time and commitment. American Sociological Review, 42(6), 921–936.
Marks, N. F., Lambert, J. D., Jun, H., & Song, J. (2008). Psychosocial moderators of the effects of transitioning into filial caregiving on mental and physical health. Research on Aging, 30(3), 358–389.
McDowell, T. L., & Serovich, J. M. (2007). The effect of perceived and actual social support on the mental health of HIV-positive persons. AIDS Care, 19(10), 1223–1229.
McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Tucker, C. J., & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Step in or stay out? Parents’ roles in adolescent siblings’ relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(3), 746–760.
Merton, R. K., & Barber, E. (1963). Sociological ambivalence. In E. Tiryakian (Ed.), Sociological theory: Values and sociocultural change (pp. 91–120). New York: Free Press.
Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Mazerolle, P., & Piquero, A. (1998). Using the correct statistical test for the equality of regression coefficients. Criminology, 36(4), 859–866.
Pavalko, E. K. (2011). Caregiving and the life course: Connecting the personal and the public. In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of sociology of aging (pp. 603–618). New York: Springer.
Peng, S., Suitor, J. J., & Gilligan, M. (2016). The long arm of maternal differential treatment: Effects of recalled and current favoritism on adult children’s psychological well-being. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences. Advance Online Publication.
Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J. J. (2006). Making Choices: A within-family study of caregiver selection. The Gerontologist, 46(4), 439–448.
Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J. J. (2014). Who provides care? A prospective study of caregiving among adult siblings. The Gerontologist, 54, 589–598.
Pillemer, K., Jill Suitor, J., Pardo, S., & Henderson, C., Jr. (2010). Mothers’ differentiation and depressive symptoms among adult children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 333–345.
Putney, N. M., & Bengtson, V. L. (2001). Families, interational relationships, and kinkeeping in midlife. In M. E. Lachman (Ed.), Handbook of midlife development (pp. 528–570). New York: Wiley.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401.
Richmond, M. K., Stocker, C. M., & Rienks, S. L. (2005). Longitudinal associations between sibling relationship quality, parental differential treatment, and children’s adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(4), 550–559.
Robinson, J., & Spitze, G. D. (1992). Whistle while you work? The effect of household task performance on women’s and men’s well-being. Social Science Quarterly, 73, 844–861.
Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (1988). Child care and emotional adjustment to wives’ employment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29(2), 127–138.
Rossi, A. S., & Rossi, P. H. (1990). Of human bonding: Parent-child relations across the life course. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers.
Sayer, L. C., Bianchi, S. M., & Robinson, J. P. (2004). Are parents investing less in children? Trends in mothers’ and fathers’ time with children1. American Journal of Sociology, 110, 1–43.
Schieman, S., & Glavin, P. (2011). Education and work-family conflict: Explanations, contingencies and mental health consequences. Social Forces, 89(4), 1341–1362.
Sechrist, J., Jill Suitor, J., Howard, A., & Pillemer, K. (2014). Perceptions of equity, balance of support exchange, and mother-adult child relations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76, 285–299.
Shanahan, L., McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Wayne Osgood, D. (2008). Linkages between parents’ differential treatment, youth depressive symptoms, and sibling relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(2), 480–494.
Suitor, J. J. (1991). Marital quality and satisfaction with the division of household labor across the family life cycle. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(1), 221–230.
Suitor, J. J., & Pillemer, K. (2006). Choosing daughters: Exploring why mothers favor adult daughters over sons. Sociological Perspectives, 49, 139–160.
Suitor, J. J., & Pillemer, K. (2007). Mothers’ favoritism in later life: The role of children’s birth order. Research on Aging, 29, 32–55.
Suitor, J. J., Pillemer, K., & Sechrist, J. (2006). Within-family differences in mothers’ support to adult children. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61B, S10–S17.
Suitor, J. J., Sechrist, J., Plikuhn, M., Pardo, S., & Pillemer, K. (2008). Within-family differences in parent–child relations across the life course. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(5), 334–338.
Suitor, J. J., Gilligan, M., & Pillemer, K. (2013). Continuity and change in mothers’ favoritism toward offspring in adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 75, 1229–1247.
Suitor, J. J., Gilligan, M., Peng, S., Jung, J. H., & Pillemer, K. (2015). Role of perceived maternal favoritism and disfavoritism in adult children’s psychological well-being. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. Advance online publication.
Suitor, J. J., Gilligan, M., Peng, S., Con, G., Rurka, M., & Pillemer, K. (2016). My pride and joy? Predicting favoritism and disfavoritism in mother-adult child relations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(4), 908–925. Advanced online publication.
Umberson, D., Crosnoe, R., & Reczek, C. (2010). Social relationships and health behavior across the life course. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 139–157.
Verbrugge, L. M. (1979). Marital status and health. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41(2), 267–285.
Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1986). Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27(1), 78–89.
Wilcox, W. B., & Nock, S. L. (2006). What’s love got to do with it? Equality, equity, commitment and women’s marital quality. Social Forces, 84(3), 1321–1345.
Wright, J. D., & Marsden, P. V. (2010). Survey research and social science: History, current practice, and future prospects. In J. Wright & P. Marsden (Eds.), Handbook of survey research (pp. 3–26). Bingley: Emerald Group.
Young, L., & Ehrenberg, M. F. (2007). Siblings, parenting, conflict, and divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 47(3–4), 67–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Suitor, J.J., Gilligan, M., Peng, S., Rurka, M. (2018). How Much Can Be Expected of One Child? Consequences of Multiplexity of Mothers’ Support Preferences on Adult Children’s Psychological Well-Being. In: Alwin, D., Felmlee, D., Kreager, D. (eds) Social Networks and the Life Course. Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71544-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71544-5_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71543-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71544-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)