Skip to main content

Leadership in Singapore

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Leading Successfully in Asia
  • 922 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, father leadership, the key success factors and the overall cultural support for such a leadership are discussed. Also, being examined is the problems and prospects of the father leadership way in the island-Republic. The topics in this chapter run in this sequence:

  • Father Leadership in Singapore

  • Lee Kuan Yew and His Leadership Ways

  • The Peranakans, Values and Leadership in Singapore

  • Singapore Incorporated Corporate Leaders

  • Singapore Business Leaders

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdullah, A. (1996). Going glocal. Malaysian Institute of Management: Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achua, C. F., & Lussier, R. N. (2010). Effective leadership. South-Western Cengage Learning: Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, N. (1997). International dimensions of organizational behavior. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, ITPC. www.remakingsingapore.gov.sg/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asiaone News. (2010). Goh Keng Swee’s Major Contributions. Asiaone News. Accessed July 22, 2014 from http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20100514-216195.html

  • Asma, A. (1996). Going glocal. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellows, T. J. (1989). Bridging tradition and modernisation: The Singapore bureaucracy. In T. Hung-Chao (Ed.), Confucianism and economic development: An oriental alternative? (pp. 195–223). Washington, DC: The Institute for Values in Public Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjerke, B. (1999). Business leadership and culture. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, M. H. (1991). Beyond the Chinese face: Insights from psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borneo Bulletin. (2010). Key political risks to watch in Singapore. Borneo Bulletin, 2 December 2010, p. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brislin, R. (1993). Understanding culture’s influence on behavior. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cham, T. S. (1998). Making a world class university (I). Commentary, 15, 35–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, K. B., & Chiang, S. N. C. (1994). Stepping out: The making of Chinese entrepreneurs. Singapore: Centre for Advanced Studies, National University of Singapore and Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Channel News Asia. (2010). Family members remember Dr. Toh as Caring Person. Channel News Asia. Accessed July 20, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, F. (1980). The Babas. Times Book International: Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, F. (2003). Chakapan Tersilap – Misquoted Baba Sayings. Singapore: The Peranakan Association. Accessed July 24, 2014 from http://www.peranakan.org.sg/2011/07/chakapan_tersilap-misquoted_babasayings/

  • Chia, S. A. (2004). Raising junior is easier now. The Straits Times, 26 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin, A., & Tongzon, J. (1998). Chapter 3: Maintaining Singapore as a major shipping and air transport hub. In M. H. Toh & K. Y. Tan (Eds.), Competitiveness of the Singapore economy, strategic perspective (pp. 83–114). Singapore: Singapore University Press/World Scientific.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chong, L. C. (1987). History and managerial culture in Singapore: ‘Pragmatism’ and ‘Openness’ and ‘Paternalism’. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 4(3), 133–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daft, R. (2000). Management (5th ed.). Hillsdale, IL: The Dryden Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daft, R. L. (2008). The leadership experience. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davie, S. (1999). S$4.4 billion to be spent to upgrade, rebuild schools. The Straits Times, 12 May, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enderle, G. (1995). An outsider’s view of the East Asian miracle: Lessons and questions. In S. Stewart & G. Donleavy (Eds.), Whose business values? Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gale, B. (1999). Evaluating Singapore’s national institutions. Political and Economic Risk Consultancy Ltd – Library, 28 July, PERC.

    Google Scholar 

  • GESSOSA: Gan Eng Seng School Old Students’ Association. (2006). The pictorial history of Gan Eng Seng School. Singapore: Stamford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh, T. (2001). Today’s Singapore. Singapore: Rank Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haley, U. C. V. (1998). Virtual Singapore: Shaping international competitive environments through business-government partnerships. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11(4), 338–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haley, U. C. V., & Low, L. (1998). Crafted culture: Governmental sculpting of modern Singapore and effects on business environments. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11(6), 530–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haley, G. T., Tan, C. T., & Haley, U. C. V. (1998). New Asian emperors: The overseas Chinese, their strategies and competitive advantages. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haley, G. T., Haley, U. C. V., & Tan, C. T. (2004). The Chinese Tao of business: The logic of successful business strategy. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, A. W. (1987). Malay proverbs. Times Book International: Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanada, M., & Yoshikawa, A. (1991). Shop-floor approach to management in Japan. In J. Putti (Ed.), Management Asian context (pp. 36–60). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilary. (2014). Peranakan culture in Singapore. Accessed June 26, 2014 from Blogspot: http://scooponsingapore.blogspot.sg/2012/02/peranakan-culture-in-singapore.html. Accessed July 1, 2014 from http://singaporepioneers.blogspot.sg/. Accessed July 16, 2014 from http://scooponsingapore.blogspot.sg/2012/02/peranakan-culture-in-singapore.html. Accessed July 8, 2014 from http://thehistoryofmalacca.blogspot.sg/2013/07/culture-of-peranakan-of-baba-and-nyonya.html. Accessed July 22, 2014 from http://www.nlb.gov.sg/blogs/highbrowseonline/general/dr-goh-keng-swee-passes-19182010/#sthash.oWUfLJMU.dpuf. Accessed July 18, 2014 from http://www.providentplan.com/2036/the-importance-of-values/

  • Hodgetts, R. M., & Luthans, F. (1997). International management. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (1980/1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, R. (1998). Off-budget measures. 1 August, Singapore Parliament.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudi, K. (2002). Dondang sayang is a form of royal entertainment. Berita Harian, 1 June 2002. (Translated by Abdullah, A.). Accessed July 2, 2014 from http://www.srimahligai.com/articles/article_ds.htm

  • Institute for Management Development (IMD). (1999). The world competitiveness yearbook. Lausane: IMD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jose, J., & Doran, C. (1997). Marriage and marginalisation in Singaporean politics. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 27(4), 475–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Journal of Thoughts. (2009). Peranakans and the Chinese Peranakans, 27 June, 2009, Journal of Thoughts. Accessed July 17 2014 from http://ivorylink.blogspot.sg/2009/06/peranakans-and-chinese-peranakans.html

  • Kau, A. K., Tan, S. J., & Wirtz, J. (1998). Seven faces of Singaporeans: Their values, aspirations and lifestyles. Singapore: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, T. D. (2001). International human resource management in Japanese firms. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, V. (2004). Commentary/analysis: ‘good to cast a critical eye on public policies. The Straits Times, 20 January, p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koh, G., & Ooi, G. L. (2002). Singapore a home, a nation? In South-East Asian Affairs 2002 (pp. 255–281). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, U., & Saxena, S. (1983). Interpersonal construct system and work styles of Indian managers. In J. Deregowski, S. Dziurawiec, & R. Annis (Eds.), Expiscations in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 356–370). Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwa, C. G. (2010). Remembering Dr Goh Keng Swee. Biblioasia, 6(3), 4–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, K. W. (2000). Singapore. In L. Pan (Ed.), The encyclopedia of the Chinese overseas (pp. 200–217). Chinese Heritage Centre: Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasserre, P., & Schutte, H. (1995). Strategies for Asia Pacific. London: Macmillan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Law, S. L. (1996). Lion and dragon. Accessed from Accessed February 1, Asiaweek.com, www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/96/0621/biz1.html

  • Lee, K. Y. (1988). 1988 National Day Rally. Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. (1996). Culture and management – A study of small Chinese family businesses in Singapore. Journal of Small Business Management, 34, 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. Y. (2000). From third world to first. Singapore: Times Media Pte. Ltd. & The Straits Times Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, H. K. (2000). The politics of policy-making in Singapore. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, B. K. (1917). The Chinese in Malaya. In W. Feldwisk (Ed.), Present days’ impressions of the Far East and prominent and progressive Chinese at home and abroad: The history, people, commerce, industries and resources of China, Hong Kong, Indo-China, Malaya and Netherlands India. London: Globe Encyclopedia Co..

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, S. G. (1998). PS21: Gearing up the public service for the 21st century. In M. Arun & T. Y. Lee (Eds.), Singapore re-engineering success (pp. 124–131). Singapore: Institute of Policy Studies/Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Y. T. (1938/1994). The wisdom of Confucius. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, S. (2004). Acid test is when we stop taking cue from government. The Straits Times, 14 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, L. (1998). The political economy of a city-state: Government-made Singapore. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2000). Staff management in an Indonesian customer contact environment. CCWORLD. Available at: www.ccworldnet.com. 15 July.

  • Low, K. C. P. (2001). The power of relationships. Singapore: BusinesscrAFT™ Consultancy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2002). Corporate culture and values: Perceptions of corporate leaders of co-operatives in Singapore. Unpublished PhD dissertation, International Graduate School of Management, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2004). Cultural barriers to entrepreneurship – A Singapore perspective. In International conference on operations and quantitative management, October (pp. 25–27, 5th edn). Seoul: Hanyang University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2005a). Capitalising on flexibility. Today’s Manager. December 2004/January 2005, pp. 30–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2005b). Towards a framework and typologies of Singapore corporate cultures. Management Development Journal of Singapore, 13(1), 46–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2006). Father leadership – The Singapore case study. Management Decision, 44(2), 89–104. Emerald Insight (www.emeraldinsight.com/0262-1711.htm).

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2008a). How to win big in place marketing battlefield – Formula one night race, the Singapore perspective. Business Journal for Entrepreneurs, 2008(4), 115–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2008b). The Singapore civil service bureaucracy And the Kathakalli corporate culture – The analogy revisited. Leadership and Organizational Management Journal, 2008(4), 108–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2008c). Value-based leadership: ‘Leading, the Confucian way’. Leadership and Organizational Management Journal, 2008(3), 32–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2009a). Corporate culture and values: Perception of corporate leaders of co-operatives in Singapore. Germany: VDM-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2009b). Strategic maintenance and leadership excellence in place marketing – The Singapore perspective. Business Journal for Entrepreneurs, 2009(3), 125–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2010). Successfully negotiating in Asia. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2011a). Types of Singapore corporate culture. Business Journal for Entrepreneurs, 2011(2), 11–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2011b). Lee Kuan Yew and his key leadership ways. Business Journal for Entrepreneurs, 2011(2), 50–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2013). Leading Successfully in Asia. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P. (2014). Leadership, Values and the Peranakans. International Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 5(9), 132–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P., & Or, K. H. F. (2004). Are Singaporeans ready for their retirement? Management Journal Development of Singapore, 12(1), 39–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, K. C. P., & Theyagu, D. (2003). Developing true leadership potential. Singapore: The Publishing Consultant.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, D. (1998). Do values matter to development? Reflections on the role of confucianism in Singapore’s public policies. In H. Lim & R. Singh (Eds.), Values and development: A multidisciplinary approach with some comparative studies (pp. 209–222). Singapore: Centre for Advanced Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, L. (2004). Learn to be an optimist. San Francisco, CA: Chronical Books LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahbubani, K. (2004). Bridging the divide: The Singapore experience. In Can Asians think? (pp. 239–245). Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International (Asia).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier, S., & Kourdi, J. (2010). The 100. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Business.

    Google Scholar 

  • March, R. (1996). Reading the Japanese mind. Tokyo: Kodensha International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J. C. (1993). Developing the leader within you. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, T. (1999). Lee Kuan Yew. Time 100, 23–30 Aug 1999, pp. 88–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menter, M. (2003). The Office Sutras. Canada: Red Wheel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitsuyuki, M. (1985). Management and society. Singapore: Singapore Institute of Management/Federal Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mydans, S. (2010). If I rest, I’ll slide downhill fast. The Sunday Times, 12 Sep 2010, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naisbitt, J. (1994). Global paradox. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima, E. (2004). With birthrate falling, Singapore targets ‘lifestyle impotency’. Washington Post Foreign Service, 11 September, p. A13.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Parks Board. (2014). MacRitchie Reservoir. National Parks Board. Accessed July 10, 2014 from http://nparks.eventshub.sg/fms/fms_wb_Resource.aspx?ResourceGroupID=45

  • National Parks Singapore. (2008). Singapore the Garden City National Parks Singapore. Accessed March 16, 2010 from http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_news&task=view&id=108&Itemid=50

  • Norazit, S. (1998). Malay political leadership: Going back to the roots. In H. Lim & R. Singh (Eds.), Values and development: A multidisciplinary approach with some comparative studies (pp. 115–120). Singapore: NUS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okto. (2014). ‘History From the Hills’, Okto Channel, 10 pm, 25 June 2014, Starhub.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ong, A. (2014). Room for Dialect, but Stick with Mandarin. The Sunday Times, 6 July 2104, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oon, C. (2008). Lover of cities seeks extra oomph in Singapore, Review/Insight. The Straits Times, 24 October 2008, p. A34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oon, C. (2009). Singapore’s green trump card. The Straits Times, 7 May 2009, p. A8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peale, N. V. (1993). My Favourite Quotations, A Mandarin paperback, Great Britain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plate, T. (2004). In Asia, father still knows best. The Straits Times, 28 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presek, W. Jr. (2004). M.M. Lee’s contrarian outlook for the US. The Straits Times, 8 December, p. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, A., & Price, D. (2013). Leadership: A practical guide. Allen & Unwin Pty: St Leonards, NSW.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quah, J. S. T. (1994). Improving the efficiency and productivity of the Singapore civil service, Chapter 7. In J. P. Burns (Ed.), Asian civil service systems: Improving efficiency and productivity (pp. 152–185). Singapore: Times Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renwick, G., & Witham, W. J. (1997). Managing in Malaysia: Cultural insights and guidelines for Americans. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarborough, J. (1998). Comparing Chinese and Western cultural roots: Why ‘East is East and…’. Business Horizons, 40(6), 15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheh, S. W. (2001). Chinese cultural values and their implications to Chinese management. In Singapore management review (2nd edn, Vol. 23(2), pp. 75–83).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sie, K. H. B. (1997). Singapore: A modern Asian city-state: Relationship between cultural and economic development. Nimegen/Jakarta: Catholic University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siew, K. L. (1987). A Chinese conception of management – An interpretive approach. PhD dissertation, Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Singapore Census of Population. (2000). Singapore census of population 2000. Singapore: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singapore Infopedia. (2004). MacRitchie Reservoir. Singapore Infopedia. Accessed July 11, 2014 from http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_159_2004-12-27.html

  • Singapore Tatler. (1992). Singapore days of old: A special commemorative history of Singapore. The 10th anniversary of Singapore Tatler, Singapore Tatler, Illustrated Magazine Publications, Hong Kong, p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, J. (1980). The nurturant task master. New Delhi: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, O. S. (1984). One hundred years’ history of the Chinese in Singapore (pp. 273–274). Singapore: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, C. H. (1989). Confucianism and nation-building in Singapore. In Working paper series no. 89-28, Faculty of Business Administration, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, C. H. (1992). Public sector management: Past achievement and future challenge. In L. Low & T. M. Heng (Eds.), Public policies in Singapore (pp. 12–29). Singapore: Times Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, G. S. (2004). Gateway to Peranakan Food Culture. Asiapac Books Pte: Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tay, S. (2001). Commentary/analysis: What do Singaporeans want? Nanny states and markets. The Straits Times, 7 April, p. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tessensohn, J. (2001). Suzhou adventure – Why not make it multi-billion high industrial theme park? Accessed February 5 from www.geocities.com/newsintercom2001/sef97/snobbery.html

  • The Brunei Times. (2008). Lee Kuan Yew on Brunei’s next level of growth. The Brunei Times, Tuesday, 15 January 2008. Accessed Feb 1, 2010 from http://www.bt.com.bn/en/home_news/2008/01/15/lee_kuan_yew_on_bruneis_next_level_of_growth

  • The Peranakan Association. (2011a). The Chinese Peranakan Heritage in Singapore. The Peranakan Association, Singapore. Accessed July 20, 2014 from http://www.peranakan.org.sg/2011/06/the-chinese-peranakan-heritage-insingapore/7/. October 26, 2012. Singapore: The Peranakan Association. Accessed June 30, 2014 from http://www.peranakan.org.sg/2012/10/let-us-support-ntus-wee-kim-wee-legacy-fund/

  • The Peranakan Association. (2011b). What makes a Peranakan? The Peranakan Association, Singapore. Accessed July 18, 2014 from http://www.peranakan.org.sg/2011/07/what-makes-a-peranakan/2/

  • The Peranakan Association. (2012a). Let us support NTU’s Wee Kim Wee Legacy Fund

    Google Scholar 

  • The Peranakan Association. (2012b). Culture. The Peranakan Association, Singapore. Accessed July 15, 2014 from http://www.peranakan.org.sg/culture/

  • The Peranakan Resource Library. (2003a). In-depth research and analysis on Peranakan culture. Accessed June 26, 2014 from http://peranakan.web1000.com/page8.htm

  • The Peranakan Resource Library. (2003b). Peranakan political activities. Accessed June 30, 2014 from http://peranakan.hostoi.com/Archives-Personalities.htm

  • (The) Economist. (2004). Vietnam’s economy: The good pupil. The Economist, 8 May, p. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • (The) Straits Times. (2004a). The Straits Times, 25 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • (The) Straits Times (2004b). The Straits Times, 22 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • (The) Straits Times. (2010) From civil servant to PAP stalwart. The Straits Times, 15 May 2010, p. D2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Time. (1999). Lee Kuan Yew. Time, 23–30 August 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Today. (2015). Mr. Lee a giant among men: Ministers. Today, 5 April 2017, p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Today’s Manager. (2004/2005). The need for strong Asian leaders. Today’s Manager, December/January, pp. 17–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Travel & Tourism Info. (2007). Singapore tourism – Travel and tourism guide. Travel and tourism info.com. Accessed June 19, 2009 from http://www.travelandtourisminfo.com/Singapore/Singapore-Travel.asp

  • Ueda, N. (2013). The Dalai Lama on What Matters Most. Canada: Hampton Book Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, B. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of the peoples of Asia and Oceania. New York: Facts On File.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westwood, R. I. (1992). Organisational behaviour: South East Asian perspectives. Longman Group (Far East) Ltd: Hong Kong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wikipedia. (2010). List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita. Wikipedia. Accessed October 8, 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita

  • Yao, E. L. (1987). Cultivating Guan-Xi (personal relationships) with Chinese partners. Business Marketing, 72(1), 62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeap, J. K. (1975). The Patriarch. Malaysia/ Singapore: Times.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W.-B. (1999). Confucianism and modernization. New York: St Martin’s Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Low, K.C.P. (2018). Leadership in Singapore. In: Leading Successfully in Asia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71347-2_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics