Abstract
The Bush administration decided to make Islam a security issue and play along with the advocates who wanted to securitize Islam. President Bush increased the security alert in the USA through fear with the help of the media. Afterward, security was given a religious flavor, with his “crusade” and “call from God” claims. The Bush administration securitized Islam through association as the “other”, the opposite of what America, democracy, and the “civilized world” stand for.
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Notes
- 1.
For more on the industry of fear in post-9/11 America, see Ali, Wajahat et al. (2011). Fear Inc. report. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/reports/2011/08/26/10165/fear-inc/
- 2.
These polls have helped us vastly in the writing of this book, and they contain important information. The best polls that this book has referred to are the Gallup and Pew reports, but there are many others from the FBI, and Counter Terrorism Task Force (which can be found in the bibliography). Georgetown University’s the Bridge Initiative (http://bridge.georgetown.edu/), under the School of Foreign Service’s Center for Muslim Christian Understanding, has continued an incredible work on opening exposing Islamophobia called “Super Survey: two decades of American’s view on Islam and Muslims”, and their Super Survey analyzes the data of the major polls made from 1993 to 2014 on American’s views on Islam and Muslims. The Super Survey can be found at: http://bridge.georgetown.edu/the-super-survey-two-decades-of-americans-views-on-islam-muslims/
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Shipoli, E.A. (2018). Securitization of Islam in US Foreign Policy: The Bush Administration. In: Islam, Securitization, and US Foreign Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71111-9_6
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