Abstract
In this paper the generative and feature extracting powers of the family of Boltzmann Machines are employed in an algorithmic music composition system. Liquid Persian Music (LPM) system is an audio generator using cellular automata progressions as a creative core source. LPM provides an infrastructure for creating novel Dastgāh-like Persian music. Pattern matching rules extract features from the cellular automata sequences and populate the parameters of a Persian musical instrument synthesizer [1]. Applying restricted Boltzmann machines, and conditional restricted Boltzmann machines as two family members of Boltzmann machines provide new ways for interpreting the patterns emanating from the cellular automata. Conditional restricted Boltzmann machines are particularly employed for capturing the dynamics of cellular automata.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arshi, S.: An implementation of Santur musical instrument and the synthesis of music pieces using learning machines. Master thesis (2012)
Farhat, H.: The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)
Arshi, S., Davis, D.N.: Generating synthetic Persian music. In: Chapter one in Third International Conference on New Music Concepts, ICNMC 2016, pp. 11–43. ABEditore s.r.1, Academia Musicale, Milano (2016)
Arshi, S., Davis, D.N.: A computational framework for aesthetical navigation in musical search space. In: AISB Symposium on Computational Creativity, Sheffield, UK (2016)
Boden, M.: Computer models of creativity. Psychologist 13, 72–76 (2000)
Boden, M.: Computer models of creativity. Artif. Intell. Mag. 30, 23–34 (2009)
Fernández, J.D., Vico, F.: AI methods in algorithmic composition: a comprehensive survey. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 48, 513–582 (2013)
Davis, D.N.: Computer and Artificial Music: Liquid Persian Music. http://www2.dcs.hull.ac.uk/NEAT/dnd/music/lpm.html
Turner, C.: Liquid Brain Music (2008)
Woods: Liquid Brain Music: Phase II. http://www2.dcs.hull.ac.uk/NEAT/dnd/. Computer Science, University of Hull (2009)
Arshi, S., Davis, D.N.: Towards a fitness function for musicality using LPM. In: 6th York Doctoral Symposium on Computer Science and Electronics (2015)
Manaris, B., Sessions, V., Wilkinson, J.: Searching for Beauty in Music. vol. 1, pp. 1–10 (2001)
Arshi, S.: Liquid Persian Music Survey. https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/QPQ77JB
Burks, A.W.: Von Neumann’s Self-Reproducing Automata (1970)
Burks, A.: Essays on Cellular Automata. University of Illinois Press, Champaign (1970)
Wolfram, S.: A New Kind of Science. Wolfram media Champaign, Champaign (2002)
Wuensche, A.: Discrete dynamics lab: tools for investigating cellular automata and discrete dynamical networks. Artif. Life Model. Softw. pp. 215–258 (2009). (2nd edn.)
Li, W., Packard, N.: The structure of the elementary cellular automata rule space. Complex Syst. 4, 281–297 (1990)
Hoffmann, P.: Towards an automated art: algorithmic process in Xenakis’ composition. Contemp. Music Rev. 21, 121–131 (2002)
Miranda, E.R.: Cellular automata music: from sound synthesis to musical forms. Evol. Comput. Music. 8, 170–193 (2007)
Burraston, D., Edmonds, E., Livingstone, D., Miranda, E.R.: Cellular automata in MIDI based computer music. In: Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference, vol. 4, pp. 71–78 (2004)
Miranda, E.R.: Evolving cellular automata music: from sound synthesis to composition. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Artificial Life Models for Musical Applications, vol. 12 (2001)
Miranda, E.R.: Sounds of artificial life. In: Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Creativity and Cognition, pp. 173–177. ACM (2002)
Wuensche, A.: Basins of attraction in network dynamics: a conceptual framework for biomolecular networks. Modul. Dev. Evol. pp. 288–314 (2004)
Wuensche, A.: Classifying cellular automata automatically. Complexity 4, 1–26 (1999)
Wuensche, A., Lesser, M.: The Global Dynamics of Cellular Automata. Addison-Wesley, Boston (1992)
Ackley, D., Hinton, G., Sejnowski, T.: A learning algorithm for boltzmann machines. Cogn. Sci. 9, 147–169 (1985)
Hinton, G.E.: Boltzmann Machines. Tutorial. pp. 1–7 (2007)
Carreira-Perpiñán, M.Á., Hinton, G.E.: On contrastive divergence learning. In: Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (2005)
Smolensky, P.: Information processing in dynamical systems: foundations of harmony theory. In: Rumelhart, D.E., Mcclelland, J.L. (eds.) Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, Volume 1: Foundations, pp. 194–281. MIT Press, Cambridge (1986)
Larochelle, H., Bengio, Y.: Classification using discriminative restricted Boltzmann machines. In: ICML, pp. 536–543 (2008)
Gehler, P.V., Holub, A.D., Welling, M.: The rate adapting poisson model for information retrieval and object recognition. In: Proceedigs 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning. – ICML 2006, pp. 337–344 (2006)
Salakhutdinov, R., Hinton, G.: Replicated softmax: an undirected topic model. In: Proceedings of 2009 Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 22, pp. 1607–1614 (2009)
Salakhutdinov, R., Hinton, G.: An efficient learning procedure for deep Boltzmann machines. Neural Comput. 24, 1967–2006 (2012)
Hinton, G.E., Salakhutdinov, R.R.: Reducing the Dimensionality of Data with Neural Networks. Science (80-) 313, 504–507 (2006)
Lauly, S.: Music generation using Dynamically Linked Boltzmann Machines, pp. 1–8 (2007)
Mnih, V., Larochelle, H., Hinton, G.: Conditional restricted Boltzmann machines for structured output prediction. In: UAI, pp. 514–522 (2011)
Hinton, G., Sejnowski, T.J.: Optimal perceptual inference. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington, D.C. (1983)
Hinton, G.: A practical guide to training restricted Boltzmann machines. Comput. (Long. Beach. Calif) 9, 1 (2010)
Hinton, G.E.: Training products of experts by minimizing contrastive divergence. Neural Comput. 14, 1771–1800 (2002)
Taylor, G.W., Hinton, G.E.: Factored conditional restricted Boltzmann Machines for modeling motion style. In: Proceedings of 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2009, pp. 1025–1032 (2009)
Taylor, G.W.: School: learning representations of sequences with applications to motion capture and video analysis. In: CVPR (2012)
Mandel, M., Pascanu, R., Larochelle, H., Bengio, Y.: Autotagging music with conditional restricted Boltzmann machines (2011)
Mandel, M., Eck, D., Bengio, Y.: Learning tags that vary within a song. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, pp. 399–404 (2010)
Loeckx, A.J., Bultheel, J.: Forward conditional restricted Boltzmann machines for the generation of music. In: 17th International Conference on Computational Creativity, ICCC 2015, Zurich, Switzerland (2015)
Richards, I.A.: Principles of Literary Criticism (Routledge Classics). Routledge, Abingdon (1924)
Wulff, N.H., Hertz, J.A.: Learning Cellular Automation Dynamics with Neural Networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 5, pp. 631–638 (1993)
Tanaka, M.: Deep Neural Network, Mathworks, Matlab. https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/42853-deep-neural-network
Salakhutdinov, R.R.: Learning deep Boltzmann machines software. http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~rsalakhu/code.html
Taylor, G.W.: Matlab implementation of implicit mixtures of conditional restricted Boltzmann machines. https://github.com/gwtaylor/imCRBM
Kauffman, S.: Homeostasis and differentiation in random generic control networks. Nature 224, 177–178 (1969)
Hinton, G.E., Osindero, S., Teh, Y.W.: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets. Neural Comput. 18, 1527–1554 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Arshi, S., Davis, D.N. (2017). Capturing the Dynamics of Cellular Automata, for the Generation of Synthetic Persian Music, Using Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machines. In: Bramer, M., Petridis, M. (eds) Artificial Intelligence XXXIV. SGAI 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10630. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71078-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71078-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71077-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71078-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)