Abstract
The rapid increase in population of Egypt’s Nile Valley and Delta is leading to massive urbanisation and uncontrolled conversion of agricultural land. Food security appears to be a daily challenge in cities all over the country. Greater Cairo is home to approximately 20 million inhabitants. Most of the city’s expansion is occurring on arable land, absorbing outlying farm systems and questioning their sustainability. In an exploratory study of dairy farming systems in urban and peri-urban areas of the capital, four main types have been identified by their capacity to integrate crop and livestock production, and by their structural characteristics. These farming systems are facing several primary constraints: limited space and access to fodder, increases in feed concentrate prices, and manure management. Despite this difficult context, they are maintaining their activity by serving the community and taking advantage of its proximity: They are incorporating adaptive strategies for feeding systems, breeding systems, and inputs sourcing, and providing employment, food security, and waste recycling. These strategies appear to be initiated mainly at the scale of family farming systems. Although these systems are evolving rapidly, their future survival remains questionable in a context of the evolving demands of one of the world’s largest megalopolises.
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Notes
- 1.
Topics investigated: (i) Social: history, family composition, level of education of the head of household; (ii) Cropping system: total cultivated area, land access, crop rotation system, inputs costs; (iii) Livestock system: herd description, total Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU: 1TLU = 1 cow with a body weight of 250 kg), demography of the herd, feeding system, milk production, product marketing; iv) Problems and perspectives.
- 2.
Qualification of urban or peri-urban areas, in this sample is mainly indicative. It was set according to the localization of the family house: included inside the city for urban or close to the city limits for peri-urban.
- 3.
Baladi cows: a local breed, raised for meat and milk, but often mixed with other genetic (primarily Holstein) in varying proportions.
- 4.
Conversion rate of Egyptian Pound (EGP) to Euro in May 2013: 1Euro = 9.0767 EGP.
- 5.
The pulp remaining after the extraction of juice from sugar cane.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all the farmers, their families and intermediaries who have participated in the fieldwork and made this research possible at a very particular time in Egypt. Our thanks also go to the APRI (Animal Production Research Institute) in Dokki, for their expert advices, and certainly to the AIRD young team program for financing this project. Finally, thanks go to all the CIRAD-SELMET team for their precious support.
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Daburon, A., Alary, V., Ali, A., El Sorougy, M., Tourrand, J.F. (2017). Urban Farms Under Pressure: Cairo’s Dairy Producers, Egypt. In: Soulard, CT., Perrin, C., Valette, E. (eds) Toward Sustainable Relations Between Agriculture and the City. Urban Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71037-2_5
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