Abstract
Geothermal heat pumps (GSHPs), or direct expansion (DX) ground source heat pumps, are a highly efficient renewable energy technology, which uses the earth, groundwater or surface water as a heat source when operating in heating mode or as a heat sink when operating in a cooling mode. It is receiving increasing interest because of its potential to decrease primary energy consumption and thus reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs). The main concept of this technology is that it uses the lower temperature of the ground (approximately <32 °C), which remains relatively stable throughout the year, to provide space heating, cooling and domestic hot water inside the building area. The main goal of this study was to stimulate the uptake of the GSHPs. Recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings have emphasised the utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source and other renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study, however, was to examine the means of reducing energy consumption in buildings, identifying GSHPs as an environmental friendly technology able to provide efficient utilisation of energy in the buildings sector, promoting the use of GSHPs applications as an optimum means of heating and cooling, and presenting typical applications and recent advances of the DX GSHPs. The study highlighted the potential energy saving that could be achieved through the use of ground energy sources. It also focused on the optimisation and improvement of the operation conditions of the heat cycle and performance of the DX GSHP. It is concluded that the direct expansion of the GSHP, combined with the ground heat exchanger in foundation piles and the seasonal thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors, is extendable to more comprehensive applications
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Abbreviations
- ACH:
-
Air changes per hour
- GSHP:
-
Ground source heat pump
- HRV:
-
Heat recovery ventilator
- DC:
-
Direct current
- HSPF:
-
Heating season performance factor
- SEER:
-
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio
- Btu:
-
British thermal unit
- EER:
-
Energy efficiency rating
- DX:
-
Direct expansion
- GS:
-
Ground source
- EPA:
-
Environmental Protection Agency
- HVAC:
-
Heating, ventilating and air conditioning
- DETR:
-
Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions
- DTI:
-
Department of Trade and Industry
- AFUE:
-
Annual fuel utilisation efficiency rating
- ARI:
-
The Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute
- COP:
-
Coefficient of performance (%)
- GHP:
-
Geothermal heat pump
- GL:
-
Ground loop
- HP:
-
Heat pump
- N:
-
Air change per hour (ACH) (h−1)
- P:
-
Pressure (Pa) (kPa)
- Q:
-
Heat (thermal energy) (J)
- Qc :
-
Capacity (thermal power) (W)
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Omer, A.M. (2018). Geoexchanger System for Buildings Heating and Cooling. In: Driss, Z., Necib, B., Zhang, HC. (eds) Thermo-Mechanics Applications and Engineering Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70957-4_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70957-4_1
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