Abstract
Numerical modeling of changing parameters on a gravel bar during different discharges in a small mountain river is presented here. The study bar is one of the best developed bars of the upper Wisłoka. Within its reach, the river may erode its banks and transport bed material. Flowing out from the Magurski National Park, the Wisłoka may be assumed as being close to a natural river. As fluvial processes are very dynamic there, the bar and channel transformations occur every year. Granulometry measurements demonstrated high variation of bed material composition in different parts of the bar and the channel. The bed material was classified as fine gravel, coarse gravel, cobbles, and coarse sand. This simulation was performed based on a 2015 measurement campaign; however, in situ measurements were started in 2008. From among a wide spectrum of parameters yielded by numerical simulations, the study focused on average vertical velocity and bed shear stresses. They were compared to critical parameters of the bed material movement. The simulations were performed for different flows, from low discharges to bankfull ones, and they indicated potential dynamic changes in the bed activity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arcement GJ, Schneider VR (1989) Guide for selecting Manning’s roughness coefficients for natural channels and flood plains. US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, 2339 pp
Bartnik W (1992) Hydraulika potoków i rzek górskich z dnem ruchomym-Początek ruchu rumowiska wleczonego [Fluvial hydraulics of streams and mountain rivers within mobile bed beginning of bed load motion] Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie Kraków, 122 pp
Buffington JM, Montgomery DR (1999) Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel-bed rivers. Water Resour Res 35(11):3523–3530. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900138
Buffington JM (2012) Changes in channel morphology over human time scales, In Church M, Biron PM, Roy AG (eds) Gravel-Bed Rivers: processes, tools, environments John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch32
Chang-Lae J, Yasuyuki S (2005) Numerical simulation of relatively wide, shallow channels with erodible banks. J Hydraul Eng 131(7):565–575. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429
Chow VT (1959) Open-channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 680. http://heidarpour.iut.ac.ir/sites/heidarpour.iut.ac.ir/files/u32/open-chow.pdf
Dietrich WE, Kirchner JW, Ikeda H, Iseya F (1989) Sediment supply and the development of the coarse surface layer in gravelbedded rivers. Nature 340:215–217
Formann E, Habersack HM, Schober ST (2007) Morphodynamic river processes and techniques for assessment of channel evolution in Alpine gravel bed rivers. Geomorphology 90:340–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.029
Garcia-Martinez R, Espinoza R, Valera E, Gonzalez G (2006) An explicit two-dimensional finite element model to simulate short- and long-term bed evolution in alluvial rivers. J Hydraul Res 44:755–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2006.9521726
Gray JR, Laronne JB, Marr JDG (2010) Bedload-surrogate monitoring technologies. US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5091, 37 pp
Habersack H, Piégay H (2006) River restoration in the Alps and their surroundings: past experience and future challenges. In: Habersack H, Piégay H, Rinaldi M (eds) Gravel-bed rivers VI: From processes understanding to river restoration. Elsevier, Amsterdam, London. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-2025(07)11161-5
Hassan MA, Egozi R, Parker G (2006) Experiments on the effects of hydrograph characteristics on vertical grain sorting in gravel bed rivers. Water Resour Res 42(9):W09408. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004707
Horritt MS, Bates PD (2001) Effects of spatial resolution on a raster based model of flood flow. J Hydrol 253:239–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00490-5
Kaless G, Mao L, Moretto J, Picco L, Lenzi MA (2015) The response of a gravel-bed river planform configuration to flow variations and bed reworking: a modelling study. Hydrol Process 29:3812–3828. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10504
Legleiter CJ, Kyriakidis PC, McDonald RR, Nelson JM (2011) Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river. Water Resour Res 47:n/a–n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009618
Leopold LB (1992) Sediment size that determines channel morphology. In: Billi P, Hey RD, Thorne CR, Tacconi P (eds) Dynamics of gravel-bed rivers. Wiley, Chichester, pp 297–311
Li SS, Millar RG (2007) Simulating bed-load transport in a complex gravel-bed river. J Hydraul Eng 133:323–328. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:3(323)
Mathias Kondolf G, Lisle TE (2016) Measuring bed sediment. In: Tools in fluvial geomorphology. Wiley Ltd, Chichester, UK, pp 278–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118648551.ch13
Monteith H, Pender G (2005) Flume investigations into the influence of shear stress history on a graded sediment bed. Water Resour Res 41:W12401. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004297
Mrokowska M, Rowiński P, Książek L, Strużyński A, Wyrębek M, Radecki-Pawlik A (2016) Flume experiments on gravel bed load transport in unsteady flow—preliminary results. In: Rowiński P, Marion A (eds) Hydrodynamic and mass transport at freshwater aquatic interfaces. GeoPlanet, earth and planetary sciences. 34th international school of hydraulics. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27750-9
Nagata N, Hosoda T, Muramato Y (2000) Numerical analysis of river channel processes with bank erosion. J Hydraul Eng 126:243–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:4(243)
Parker G, Klingeman PC (1982) On why gravel bed rivers are paved. Water Resour Res 18(5):1409–1423. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i005p01409
Pasternack GB, Gilbert AT, Wheaton JM, Buckland EM (2006) Error propagation for velocity and shear stress prediction using 2D models for environmental management. J Hydrol 328:227–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.12.003
Rice SP, Church M, Wooldridge CL, Hickin EJ (2009) Morphology and evolution of bars in a wandering gravel-bed river; lower Fraser river, British Columbia, Canada. Sedimentology 56:709–736. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.00994.x
Shields A (1936) Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der Turbulenzforschungaud die Geschiebe-bewegung, Mitteilungen der PreussischenVersuchsanstaltfürNassexbau und Schiffbau, Berlin
Surian N, Cisotto A (2007) Channel adjustments, bedload transport and sediment sources in a gravel-bed river, Brenta River, Italy. Earth Surf Process Landforms 32:1641–1656. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1591
Strużyński A, Kulesza K, Strutyński M (2013) Bed stability as a parameter describing the hydromorphological balance of a mountain river. In: Rowinski R (ed) Experimental and computational solutions of hydraulic problems. GeoPlanet: earth and planetary sciences. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 249–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30209-1_17
Strużyński A, Wyrębek M, Strutyński M, Kulesza K (2011) Cross-section changes in the lower part of a mountain river after the flood in spring 2010, as presented by means of CCHE2D program. In: Experimental methods in hydraulic research, Geoplanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol 1, pp 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17475-9_21
Tritthart M, Gutknecht D (2007a) Three-dimensional simulation of free-surface flows using polyhedral finite volumes. Eng Appl Comput Fluid Mech 1:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2007.11015177
Tritthart M, Gutknecht D (2007b) 3D computation of flood processes in sharp river bends. Water Manag 160:233–247. https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.2007.160.4.233
Tritthart M, Liedermann M, Habersack H (2009) Modelling spatiotemporal flow characteristics in groyne fields. River Res Appl 25:62–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1169
Tritthart M, Liedermann M, Schober B, Habersack H (2011a) Nonuniformity and layering in sediment transport modelling 2: river application. J Hydraul Res 49(3):335–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2011.583528
Tritthart M, Schober B, Habersack H (2011b) Non-uniformity and layering in sediment transport modelling 1: flume simulations. J Hydraul Res 49(3):325–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2011.583528
Zhang Y (2006) CCHE-GUI–graphical users interface for NCCHE model user’s manual—Version 30. National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering Technical report no NCCHE-TR-2006-2, October
Zhang YX, Jia YF (2009) CCHE-MESH: 2D structured mesh generator user’s manual – Verion 3.X. Technical Report No. NCCHE-TR-2009-01. National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering. The University of Mississippi, University. U.S.A.
Zhiwei Li, Zhaoyin Wang, Baozhu Pan, Haili Zhu, Wenzhe Li (2014) The development mechanism of gravel bars in rivers. Quat Int 336:73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.12.039
Acknowledgements
The research was funded by Polish National Science Centre, Project No. NN 306 402738. Measurements performed in 2015 were financed by the Department of Water Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Kraków. Grant No. DS 3322/2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Strużyński, A., Giriat, D., Bouchet, L., Wyrębek, M., Kulesza, K. (2018). Numerical Modeling of Flow Dynamics on a Gravel Bar During High Discharge in a Mountain River. In: Kalinowska, M., Mrokowska, M., Rowiński, P. (eds) Free Surface Flows and Transport Processes. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70914-7_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70914-7_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70913-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70914-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)