Abstract
The work presented in this chapter is designed to forward the development of an optical probe for the remote monitoring of liquid hydrocarbons. A series of experiments were carried out to differentiate between classes of hydrocarbons and to discriminate between compounds within a class of similar molecular structures. It was observed that unique absorption spectra can be obtained for each hydrocarbon, and this uniqueness can be used to discriminate between hydrocarbons from different families. Results summarize measurements of the Near-Infrared optical absorption of alkanes, aromatics, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. This approach was selected to assess the feasibility of remote in situ measurements using optical waveguides.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albuquerque, J. S., Pimentel, F. M., Valdinete, L. S., Raimundo, I. M., Rohwedder, J. R., & Pasquini, C. (2005). Silicone sensing phase for detection of aromatic hydrocarbons in water employing near-infrared spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry, 77(1), 72–77.
Baumann, T., Haaszio, S., & Niessner, R. (2000). Applications of a laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy sensor in aquatic systems. Water Research, 34(4), 1318–1326.
Beyer, T., Hahn, P., Hartwig, S., Konz, W., Scharring, S., Katzir, A., et al. (2003). Mini spectrometer with silver halide sensor fiber for in situ detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, 90(1), 319–323.
Buerck, J., Denter, P., Mensch, M., Kraemer, K., & Scholz, M. (1999). Fiber optic NIR evanescent wave absorption sensor systems for in situ monitoring of hydrocarbon compounds in waste and ground water. In Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies. MA: SPIE.
Bulatov, V., Gridin, V. V., Polyak, F., & Schechter, I. (1997). Application of pulsed laser methods to in situ probing of highway originated pollutants. Analytica Chimica Acta, 343(1), 93–99.
Conzen, J. P., Burck, J., & Ache, H. J. (1993). Characterization of a fiber-optic evanescent wave absorbance sensor for nonpolar organic compounds. Applied Spectroscopy, 47(6), 753–763.
Cullum, B. M., & Angel, S. M. (1999). Development of a fiber optic REMPI probe for environmental contaminants. In Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies. MA: SPIE.
Degrandpre, M. D., & Burgess, L. W. (1990). A fiber-optic FT-NIR evanescent field absorbance sensor. Applied Spectroscopy, 44(2), 273–279.
DOE. (2001). Internal reflection sensor for the cone penetrometer DOE/EM-0611. Washington, DC: DOE Office of Environmental Management.
Goleen, S. C., McCulloch, M., Thomas, B. L., Riley, R. G., Sklarew, D. S., Mong, G. M., et al. (1996). DOE methods for evaluating environmental and waste management samples. Richland, WA: US DOE.
Goswami, K., Prohaska, J. D., Menon, A., Mendoza, E. A., & Lieberman, R. A. (1999). Evanescent wave sensor for detecting volatile organic compounds. In Photonics East. MA: SPIE.
Hirschfeld, T., & Zeev-Hed, A. (1981). The Atlas of near infrared spectra. Philadelphia: Sadtler.
Ho, C. K., & Hughes, R. C. (2002). in situ chemiresistor sensor package for real-time detection of volatile organic compounds in soil and groundwater. Sensors, 2(1), 23–34.
Ho, C. K., Itamura, M. T., Kelley, M. J., & Hughes, R. C. (2001). Review of chemical sensors for in situ monitoring of volatile contaminants. NM: Sandia National Laboratories.
Inamuddin, D., & Mohammad, A. (2014). Green chromatographic techniques. DE: Springer.
Karlowatz, M., Kraft, M., & Mizaikoff, B. (2004). Simultaneous quantitative determination of benzene, toluene, and xylenes in water using mid-infrared evanescent field spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry, 76(9), 2643–2648.
Klavarioti, M., Kostarelos, K., Pourjabbar, A., & Ghandehari, M. (2014). In situ sensing of subsurface contamination—Part I: Near-infrared spectral characterization of alkanes, aromatics, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(9), 5849–5860.
Kram, M. L., Keller, A. A., Rossabi, J., & Everett, L. G. (2001). DNAPL characterization methods and approaches, Part 1: Performance comparisons. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 21(4), 109–123.
Krska, R., Taga, K., & Kellner, R. (1993). New IR fiber-optic chemical sensor for in situ measurements of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water. Applied Spectroscopy, 47(9), 1484–1487.
Long, J., Xu, J., Yang, Y., Wen, J., & Jia, C. (2011). A colorimetric array of metalloporphyrin derivatives for the detection of volatile organic compounds. Materials Science and Engineering B, 176(16), 1271–1276.
Looney, B., & Falta, R. W. (Eds.). (2000). Vadose zone science and technology solutions. Columbus, OH: Battelle Press.
Maclean, A., Moran, C., Johnstone, W., Culshaw, B., Marsh, D., & Parker, P. (2003). Detection of hydrocarbon fuel spills using a distributed fibre optic sensor. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 109(1), 60–67.
Martins, C. C., Doumer, M. E., Gallice, W. C., Dauner, A. L. L., Cabral, A. C., Cardoso, F. D., et al. (2015). Coupling spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques for evaluation of the depositional history of hydrocarbons in a subtropical estuary. Environmental Pollution, 205, 403–414.
McCue, R. P., Walsh, F., Walsh, J. E., & Regan, F. (2006). Modular fibre optic sensor for the detection of hydrocarbons in water. Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, 114(1), 438–444.
Mizaikoff, B., Taga, K., & Kellner, R. (1995). Infrared fiber optic gas sensor for chlorofluorohydrocarbons. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 8(2), 103–108.
Pepper, J. W., Wright, A. O., & Kenny, J. E. (2002). In situ measurements of subsurface contaminants with a multi-channel laser-induced fluorescence system. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 58(2), 317–331.
PospÃÅ¡ilová, M., Kuncová, G., & Trögl, J. (2015). Fiber-optic chemical sensors and fiber-optic bio-sensors. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 15(10), 25208–25259.
Quinn, M. F., Alemeddine, O., Al-Awadi, E., Mukhopadhyay, A., Qabazard, A. M., Al-Rasheedi, M., et al. (2002). The application of laser-induced fluorescence techniques for the measurement of hydrocarbons in the groundwater of Kuwait. Instrumentation Science and Technology, 30(1), 79–95.
Raichlin, Y., & Katzir, A. (2008). Fiber-optic evanescent wave spectroscopy in the middle infrared. Applied Spectroscopy, 62(2), 72A.
Reboucas, M. V., Brandão, D. S., Trindade, A., Pimentel, M. F., & Teixeira, L. S. G. (2011). Chemical composition determination of complex organic-aqueous mixtures of alcohols, acetone, acetonitrile, hydrocarbons and water by near-infrared spectroscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 55(2), 172–182.
Roy, G., & Mielczarski, J. A. (2002). Infrared detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water at ppb levels of concentrations. Water Research, 36(7), 1902–1908.
Schweizer, G., Latka, I., Lehmann, H., & Willsch, R. (1997). Optical sensing of hydrocarbons in air or in water using UV absorption in the evanescent field of fibers. Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, 38(1), 150–153.
Spencer, K. (1999-last update). Detection of DNAPLs by Raman Spectroscopy. Available: http://www.eiclabs.com/Raman_Detection_of_DNAPLs.pdf, March 2017.
Workman, J., Jerry, Springsteen, A., & Workman, J., Jr. (1998). Applied spectroscopy (1 ed.). US: Academic Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ghandehari, M., Kostarelos, K., Vimer, C.S. (2018). Remote and In Situ Monitoring of Subsurface Liquid Hydrocarbons. In: Optical Phenomenology and Applications . Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70715-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70715-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70714-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70715-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)