Skip to main content

My Little Pony, Communalism and Feminist Politics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Orienting Feminism

Abstract

Fletcher makes progress in an under-researched area by developing an argument around the feminist sensibility of children’s animated programme My Little Pony [MLP]: Friendship Is Magic (hereafter MLP: Friendship is Magic). The first part of the chapter focuses on the operation of individual and collective agency in the storyworld and how this is linked to contemporary gender politics. Despite different levels of wealth and social power in the core ensemble (and in the larger web of characters), the chapter argues that MLP: Friendship Is Magic emphasises communalism and social cooperation rather than “post-feminist” individualism. The second part of the chapter provides a much-needed critical examination of the show’s racial politics. The chapter discusses how the series is based on “post-raciality” insofar as pastel-coloured ponies can be read as any race in the storyworld. Referring to a number of contentious episode examples, however, the chapter argues that some of the non-pony characters in the series stand for real-world ethnic groups. While some facets of the story material depart from the expected, Fletcher argues that the representations of species interactions often rely on ethnocentric stereotypes and cultural essentialism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    As of this writing, MLP: Friendship is Magic has aired seven seasons.

  2. 2.

    Recently there has been a surge of research on MLP: Friendship is Magic. For the most part, this work deals with the adult super-fan subculture (bronies). Thus, it falls outside the scope of this chapter.

  3. 3.

    Faust previously worked on The Powerpuff Girls (Cartoon Network, 1998 to 2005) and Foster’s Home for Imaginary Friends (Cartoon Network, 2004 to 2009).

  4. 4.

    See Caldwell (2004, 59).

  5. 5.

    On the Barbie DVDs, see Vered and Maizonniaux (2016, 1–17).

  6. 6.

    Perhaps in the manner of Erica Rand’s work Barbie’s Queer Accessories (1995).

  7. 7.

    See Pramaggiore (2015, 1–3), for further discussion of sparkle in girl-focused animation.

  8. 8.

    The draconequus Discord is based on trickster-god Q in the Star Trek franchise and is voiced by the same actor (John de Lancie).

  9. 9.

    On metynomy, see Littlemore (2015, 23).

  10. 10.

    See Engelhardt (1986, 95–98).

  11. 11.

    The sequence (and the iris-out at the close of the sequence) pays homage to the Massassi Temple medal-bearing scene in Star Wars (Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation; Lucasfilm, 1977).

  12. 12.

    The episodes are clearly inspired by the 2011 wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton, which suggest that the British monarchy and Royal Family remain important signifiers.

  13. 13.

    In popular culture, political impostors are usually male.

  14. 14.

    Some third-wave feminists are sympathetic to the discourse of “having it all.” See Edwards (2007, 123–24).

  15. 15.

    See Orenstein (2011, 15–16) and Hains (2014, 112, 177–84).

  16. 16.

    It is worth pointing out that Disney and Hasbro are cooperating around media products.

  17. 17.

    My interpretation of MLP: Friendship is Magic is partly indebted to Dan Fleming’s reading of Star Wars. See Fleming (1996, 96–102).

  18. 18.

    It should be noted that representations of Native Americans tend to focus on the frontier period (1850 to 1900). See Bataille and Silet (1980, xxvii).

  19. 19.

    A conflation of organic/machine. Pramaggiore notes that “horses have been treated as organic machines that enable human work of all kinds” (2015, 11).

  20. 20.

    There are meta-televisual moments in the series when Pinkie Pie becomes medium-aware (she displays intra-textual awareness of the show as a show). For further discussion of meta-television, see Olson (1987, 284–300).

  21. 21.

    See Oshana (1981, 46–48).

  22. 22.

    The time period of MLP: Friendship is Magic’s diegetic world is not straightforward. Jayson Thiessen, consulting director at DHX Media, states that the producers of the series use a “fantasy storybook world that sits somewhere between the medieval period and the Edwardian era of the very early 1900s,” but now and then they violate the rules for humorous effect (2015, 9). For example, the series breaks its own temporal rules by including a modern disc jockey (the female unicorn DJ Pon-3).

  23. 23.

    See Cresswell (2015, 135–43) for further discussion of the Pegasi as Greco−Roman.

  24. 24.

    Perhaps a reference to “Day of the Dove” (3.7) from Star Trek. The episode features an alien that feeds on hate.

  25. 25.

    On this subject, see Yeats (1907, 89–90).

  26. 26.

    Note that Applejack and Apple Bloom herd intelligent talking sheep in “Sisterhooves Social” (2.5).

  27. 27.

    IDW’s comic book series, My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, offers a portrayal of the yak kingdom. In “Wings Over Yakyakistan” (#55–56, 2017), a story about moral codices, the Dragon Lord explains that the yak prince Ulysses founded Yakyakistan.

  28. 28.

    It is worth noting that MLP: Friendship is Magic is broadcast in Central Asia.

Works Cited

  • Banet-Weiser, Sarah. Kids Rule!: Nickelodeon and Consumer Citizenship. Duke UP, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bataille, Gretchen M., and Charles L. P. Silet. “Introduction,” The Pretend Indians: Images of Native Americans in the Movies, edited by Gretchen M. Bataille, and Charles L. P. Silet, The Iowa State UP, 1980, xix–xxix.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, John. “Convergence Television: Aggregating Form and Repurposing Content in the Culture of Conglomeration.” Television After TV: Essays on a Medium in Transition, edited by Lynn Spigel and Jan Olsson, Duke UP, 2004, pp. 41–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, Robert. “Blacks, Racism and Bourgeois Culture.” College English, vol. 38, no. 8, 1977, pp. 813–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cresswell, Jen. “The Classical World Is 20 Per Cent Cooler: Greco-Roman Pegasi in My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic.” The Journal of Popular Television, vol. 3 No. 1, 2015, pp. 135–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorr, Aimée, Catherine Doubleday and Peter Kovaric. “Emotions Depicted on and Stimulated by Television Programmes.” Children and the Formal Features of Television: Approaches and Findings of Experimental and Formative Research, edited by Manfred Meyer, K.G. Saur Verlag, 1983, pp. 97–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, Leigh H. “Dangerous Minds: The Woman Professor on Television.” Geek Chic: Smart Women in Popular Culture, edited by Sherrie A. Innes, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, pp. 121–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt, Tom. “Children’s Television: The Shortcake Strategy.” Watching Television: A Pantheon Guide to Popular Culture, edited by Todd Gitlin, Pantheon Books, 1986, pp. 68–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faust, Lauren. “My Little NON-Homophobic, NON-Racist, NON-Smart-Shaming Pony: A Rebuttal.” Ms. 24 December 2010, http://msmagazine.com/blog/2010/12/24/my-little-non-homophobic-non-racist-non-smart-shaming-pony-a-rebuttal/

  • ———. DeviantArt comment, 25 March 2011, http://comments.deviantart.com/4/1603670/1926396157

  • ———. DeviantArt journal entry, 8 May 2011, 12:22 p.m. http://fyre-flye.deviantart.com/journal/THANK-YOU-218911691

  • ———. “Inside Sony Pictures Animation—Director Lauren Faust.” YouTube video, 8:57. Posted by SonyAnimation, 10 September 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5z1pyOVxJOM

  • ———. Twitter post, 12 August 2016, 11:00 p.m., https://twitter.com/Fyre_flye/status/764340809021784064?lang=en

  • ———. “Episode 18: Lauren Faust/Nick Animation Podcast”. YouTube video, 42:59. Posted by Nick Animation, 9 September 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Fs6R8XtUGU

  • Fleming, Dan. Powerplay: Toys as Popular Culture. Manchester UP, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, Jessica. “The ‘Smart’ Body Politics of Lena Dunham’s Girls.Feminist Media Studies, 2016, pp. 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2016.1162826.

  • Gill, Rosalind. “Post-postfeminism?: New Feminist Visibilities in Postfeminist Times.” Feminist Media Studies, vol. 16, no. 4, 2016, pp. 610–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, David Theo. Are We All Postracial Yet? Polity Press, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hains, Rebecca C. The Princess Problem: Guiding Our Girls Through the Princess-Obsessed Years. Sourcebooks, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, Derek. “Participation Is Magic: Collaboration, Authorial Legitimacy and the Audience Function”. A Companion to Media Authorship, edited by Jonathan Gray and Derek Johnson, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, pp. 135–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, Mary Celeste. “Sparkle: Luminosity and Post-Girl Power Media.” Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, vol. 29, no. 2, 2015, pp. 263–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendzior, Sarah. “The Reverse Orientalism of Looking For an ‘Arab Spring’ in Central Asia.” The Atlantic, 20 January 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/the-reverse-orientalism-of-looking-for-an-arab-spring-in-central-asia/251663/

  • Koren-Kuik, Meyrav. “Desiring the Tangible: Disneyland, Fandom and Spatial Immersion.” Fan CULTure: Essays on Participatory Fandom in the 21st Century, edited by Kristin M. Barton and Jonathan Malcolm Lampley, McFarland and Company, 2014, pp. 146–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littlemore, Jeannette. Metonymy: Hidden Shortcuts in Language, Thought and Communication. Cambridge UP, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, Brian. Ruling Tactics: Methods of Promoting Everyday Nationalism, How They Serve Rulers and How to Oppose Them. Irene Publishing, 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • McRobbie, Angela. “Preface.” New Femininities: Postfeminism, Neoliberalism and Subjectivity, edited by Rosalind Gill and Christina Scharff, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, pp. xi–xv.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, Robert B., and Arlene B. Hirschfelder. “Feathers, Tomahawks and Tipis: A Study of Stereotypical ‘Indian’ Imagery in Children’s Picture Books.” American Indan Stereotypes in the World of Children: A Reader and Bibliography, edited by Arlene B. Hirschfelder, The Scarecrow Press, 1982, pp. 46–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, Scott R. “Meta-television: Popular Postmodernism.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication, vol. 4, no. 3, 1987, pp. 284–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orenstein, Peggy. Cinderella Ate My Daughter: Dispatches From the Front Lines of the New Girlie-Girl Culture. HarperCollins, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oshana, Maryann. “Native American Women in Westerns: Reality and Myth.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women’s Studies, vol. 6, no. 3, 1981, pp. 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paradies, Yin. “Whither Anti-racism?” Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 39, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pramaggiore, Maria. “The Taming of the Bronies: Animals, Autism and Fandom as Therapeutic Performance.” Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, vol. 9, Summer 2015, pp. 1–17, http://www.alphavillejournal.com/Issue9/PDFs/ArticlePramaggiore.pdf

  • Proctor, William. “Regeneration & Rebirth: Anatomy of the Franchise Reboot.” Scope: An Online Journal of Film and Television Studies, no. 22, 2012, pp. 1–19; https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/scope/documents/2012/february-2012/proctor.pdf

  • Projansky, Sarah. Watching Rape: Film and Television in Postfeminist Culture. New York UP, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugliese, Joseph. State Violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of Torture, Black Sites, Drones. Routledge, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rand, Erica. Barbie’s Queer Accessories. Duke UP, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russ, Joanna. “Amor Vincit Foeminam: The Battle of the Sexes in Science Fiction.” Science Fiction Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 1980, pp. 2–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Said, Edward W. Orientalism. Pantheon Books, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiter, Ellen. Sold Separately: Children and Parents in Consumer Culture. Rutgers UP, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillington, Laura. “Children’s Media Landscapes and the Emotional Geographies of Urban Natures.” Identities and Subjectivities, Geographies of Children and Young People, vol. 4, 2016, pp. 409–28, https://doi.org/10.1007/978–981–287-023-0_22.

  • Thiessen, Jayson. “Foreword.” The Art of Equestria, by Mary Jane Begin, Abrams, 2015, p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toffoletti, Kim. “Sexy Women Sports Fans: Femininity, Sexuality, and the Global Sports Spectacle.” Feminist Media Studies, 2016, pp. 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2016.1234499.

  • Vered, Karen Orr, and Christèle Maizonniaux. “Barbie and the Straight-to-DVD Movie: Pink Post-feminist Pedagogy.” Feminist Media Studies, 2016, pp. 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2016.1178158.

  • Wessels, Emanuelle. “Homeland and Neoliberalism: Text, Paratexts and Treatment of Affective Labour.” Feminist Media Studies, vol. 16. no. 3, 2016, pp. 511–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilshusen, Richard H. “The Diné at the Edge of History: Navajo Ethnogenesis in the Northern Southwest, 1500–1750.” Across A Great Divide: Continuity and Change in Native American Societies, 1400–1900, edited by Laura L. Scheiber and Mark D. Mitchell, The U of Arizona P, 2010, pp. 192–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeats, W.B. The Wind Among the Reeds. Elkin Mathews, 1907.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Fletcher, K. (2018). My Little Pony, Communalism and Feminist Politics. In: Dale, C., Overell, R. (eds) Orienting Feminism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70660-3_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics