Renewable and Sustainable Energy

Abstract

The role of energy in development is crucial. Energy fuels economic growth and is therefore of paramount concern for all countries. This was one of the main themes at the world summit on sustainable development (WSSD) held in South Africa in 2002. The Johannesburg plan of implementation highlighted the role of energy service to promote sustainable development. Renewable energy is the solution to the growing energy challenges of developing countries. The heavy reliance on imported fossil fuel coupled with the growing demand for electricity and declining wood fuel supplies call for alternative sources of energy. Finding ways to expand energy services, while addressing the environmental impacts associated with energy use, represents a critical challenge for humanity. Recent developments in countries like China and India, where energy production has increased significantly, demonstrate how difficult it is. The decentralized approach based on power produced with locally available renewable energy resources is, for various reasons, gradually being recognized as a viable alternative in remote places. This chapter attempts to initiate, from a broad-based socio-economic and environmental point of view, the feasibility of a decentralized solar photovoltaic (SPV) or wind turbine system as a source of power for rural and urban communities in developing countries.