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Into the Twenty-First Century: Integration of Principles of Global Governance in Space Law

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A Fresh View on the Outer Space Treaty

Part of the book series: Studies in Space Policy ((STUDSPACE,volume 13))

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Abstract

This analysis aims at proposing a fresh legal view of the Outer Space Treaty (OST) that would conciliate the presence of both nations and private entities in the industry. The latter, who has been revealed to be a major player of the space industry in the last two decades, is today slowed down by the absence of clear international legislation in several domains pertaining to the exploitation of outer space. In order to allow for the growth of the space sector, it then seems essential for the international community to act accordingly. On the 50th anniversary of the Outer Space Treaty, it is fitting to envisage a substitute that would need to take into account the commercial aspirations of states but also protect the ability of firms to generate profit in order to foster investments. This could be accomplished by integrating principles of global governance to international space law in order to dynamize the sector, all the while setting up a regime that affirms the status of states as patrons of the protection of the general principles of the original OST. This way a balance could be found between the ambitions of the private sector and the sovereignty of nations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Christian Chavagneux, “La montée en puissance des acteurs non étatiques,” in Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), Gouvernance mondiale (Rapport du conseil d’Analyse économique n°37, La documentation française, 2010) 233; Lider Bal, Le mythe de la souveraineté en Droit international, La souveraineté des États à l’épreuve des mutations de l’ordre juridique international (Thesis, Centre d’études internationales et européennes, Université de Strasbourg, 2012).

  2. 2.

    Brendan Cohen and Elena Carpanelli, “Interpreting ‘Damage Caused by Space Objects’ under the Liability Convention” (2013), 56, 56th IISL Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law; E. Fasan, “The meaning of the term mankind in space legal language” (1974), Journal of Space Law, 125; Fabio Tronchetti, “The non-appropriation principle under attack: using article II of the Outer Space Treaty in its defense” (2007), 50, 50th IISL Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law; Frans Von Der DUNK, “Liability vs. Responsibility in Space Law: Misconception or Misconstruction” (1991), Space and Telecommunication Law Program Faculty Publications; Olavo de O. Bittencourt NETO, “The elusive frontier: revisiting the delimitation of Outer Space” (2012), 55, 55th IISL Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law; S. Gorove, “Interpreting article II of the outer space treaty” (1969), Fordham Law Review, 351; S. M. Williams, “The principle of non-appropriation” (1970), 13, IISL, 157.

  3. 3.

    Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 18 December 1979 (entered into force 11 July 1984), art. 11§7d.

  4. 4.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), Gouvernance mondiale (Rapport du conseil d’Analyse économique n°37, La documentation française, 507 p., 2010).

  5. 5.

    Janet K. Levit, “Bottom-Up International Lawmaking: Reflections on the New Haven School of International Law” (2007), 32, Yale J. Int’l L.

  6. 6.

    Gerry Stoker, “Cinq propositions pour une théorie de la gouvernance” (1998), revue internationale des sciences sociales, 20.

  7. 7.

    Ramesh Thakur; Luk Van Langenhove. “Enhancing Global Governance through Regional Integration” (2006), 12, Global Governance, 233.

  8. 8.

    James N. Rosenau, “Toward an Ontology for Global Governance,” in Martin Hewson and Thomas Sinclair, eds., Approaches to Global Governance Theory (SUNY Press, Albany, 1999).

  9. 9.

    Charter of the United Nations, 26 June 1945 (entered into force 24 October 1945), art. 2§1.

  10. 10.

    Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 27 January 1967 (entered into force on 10 October 1967), art. I.

  11. 11.

    Dimitri Linden, “The impact of national space legislation on private space undertakings: a regulatory competition between States?” (2015), vol. 58, 58th IISL Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law.

  12. 12.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 66.

  13. 13.

    Idem.

  14. 14.

    James Tobin, “A Proposal for International Monetary Reform” (1978), Eastern Economic Journal, 153.

  15. 15.

    Daniele Archibugi and David Held (eds.), Cosmopolitan Democracy. An Agenda for a New World Order (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995); David Held, Democracy and the Global Order (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995).

  16. 16.

    Dani Rodrik, “How far will international economic integration go?” (2000), vol. 14 n°1, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 177–186.

  17. 17.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 68.

  18. 18.

    International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, 29 January 1998 (entered into force 27 March 2001).

  19. 19.

    As shown in the 2015 Space Report of the Space Foundation, URL: https://www.spacefoundation.org/sites/default/files/downloads/The_Space_Report_2015_Overview_TOC_Exhibits.pdf

  20. 20.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 70.

  21. 21.

    Jean Tirole, “La gouvernance des institutions internationales,” in Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), Gouvernance mondiale (Rapport du conseil d’Analyse économique n°37, La documentation française, 2010) 291.

  22. 22.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 71.

  23. 23.

    Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, “Le droit, source et forme de régulation mondiale,” in Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), Gouvernance mondiale (Rapport du conseil d’Analyse économique n°37, La documentation française, 2010) 313.

  24. 24.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 72.

  25. 25.

    Jean-François Rischard, High Noon: 20 Global Problems, 20 Years to Solve Them (Basic Books, 256 p., 2003).

  26. 26.

    Janet K. Levit (n 6).

  27. 27.

    Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 27 January 1967 (entered into force 10 October 1967), art. II.

  28. 28.

    Several examples can be given here, such as Planetary Resources (URL: www.planetaryresources.com) or Deep Space Industries (URL: http://deepspaceindustries.com/).

  29. 29.

    S. Gorove (n 3), 351.

  30. 30.

    S. M. Williams (n 3), 157.

  31. 31.

    Mireille Couston, Droit Spatial (Ellipses edition, Paris, 2014), 71.

  32. 32.

    H.R.2262 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): US Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act.

  33. 33.

    Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 27 January 1967 (entered into force 10 October 1967), art. I.

  34. 34.

    M.G. Marcoff, Traité de DIPE (Fribourg, 1973, 678).

  35. 35.

    S. Gorove, “Interpretations of international space law for private enterprise” (1982), ADAS, 319.

  36. 36.

    which constitute a form of speculation on spectral resources, since they are not associated with real projects but correspond to the acquisition of frequencies for their market value. See Laurence Ravillon, Droit des activités spatiales – Adaptation aux phénomènes de commercialisation et de privatisation (Travaux du Credimi, vol. 22, Paris, Litec, 2004), 223.

  37. 37.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 64–65.

  38. 38.

    Ordnungspolitik/Ordoliberal theory holds that the state must create a proper legal environment for the economy and maintain a healthy level of competition (rather than just “exchange”) through measures that adhere to market principles. Patricia Commun, L’ordolibéralisme allemand: Aux sources de l’économie sociale de marché (CIRAC, 2003, 272 p.).

  39. 39.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 65–66.

  40. 40.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 74.

  41. 41.

    Jacquet Pierre, Pisani-Ferry Jean, Tubiana Laurence (eds), (n 5), 74–92.

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Correspondence to Valentin Degrange .

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Degrange, V. (2018). Into the Twenty-First Century: Integration of Principles of Global Governance in Space Law. In: Froehlich, A. (eds) A Fresh View on the Outer Space Treaty. Studies in Space Policy, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70434-0_8

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