Abstract
The Outer Space Treaty was created 50 years ago. It contains the general rules of the exploration of outer space by human beings. Since the Outer Space Treaty entered into force, an enormous technological progress has been done. This study discusses how the Outer Space Treaty influences the rights and responsibilities of humans and robots in today’s laws and how it might provoke changes to the Outer Space Treaty.
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- 1.
The term Industry 4.0 (originally Industrie 4.0) comes from a high-tech strategy project of the German government. It was presented for the first time in 2011 at the Hannover Fair.
- 2.
Definition of the Fourth Industrial Revolution given in 2016 by Mario Hermann, Tobias Pentek, and Boris Otto in their paper “Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios.”
- 3.
South Korea and the European Union have already started working to develop robot and AI law.
- 4.
Isaac Asimov, “I, Robot,” 1950.
- 5.
Introduced by Isaac Asimov in his novel Robots and Empire. Usually called the zeroth law as is should precede Three Laws because it is the most important and the most general one. Sometimes called Fourth Law as it was created after Three Laws.
- 6.
Presented in 1994 during Fred Hapgood interview with Mark W. Tilden for Wired magazine. https://www.wired.com/1994/09/tilden/?pg=1&topic=
- 7.
The laws were published in 2011 by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) of Great Britain.
- 8.
Nathalie Nevejans, “European Civil Law Rules in Robotics,” Directorate-General for Internal Policies, Policy Department C: Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, 2016.
- 9.
Only if a relation of the ownership will remain between people and robots. It might be converted into tutor, creator, or even an employer if robots obtain any kind of legal personality.
- 10.
- 11.
The owner of a robot is also an owner of all robots produced by his robot.
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The owner of any resources (parts, production lines) that were used to produce robots becomes an owner of a created robot.
- 13.
Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty defines liability for exploration of space. Every space party is responsible for any action undertaken by its citizens or companies in space.
- 14.
Eliezer S. Yudkowsky, Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk, 2007, http://yudkowsky.net (Access in July 2017).
- 15.
Maybe there should be who instead of which if robots obtain digital personality as proposed in the merit to European Commission.
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Baczyńska-Wilkowska, M. (2018). Outer Space Treaty During Fourth Industrial Revolution. In: Froehlich, A. (eds) A Fresh View on the Outer Space Treaty. Studies in Space Policy, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70434-0_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70434-0_7
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