Skip to main content

You Either Love It or You Hate It! The Emotional and Affective Factors of Commenting

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Fan studies can reveal a lot about how our online-commenting behaviour is guided by emotion and affect. Drawing on certain fundamental and interconnected areas of fandom—creative production; belonging and identity; play and pleasure; and emotion and affect—this chapter will chart some of the influences that drive us to make comments, and the investment that even “lurkers”, or those simply reading the comments, make in virtual communities. Certain stimuli, such as a news story or a comment by another user, can create “affect contagion”, where events gain momentum and comments can multiply in number and affective engagement.

[F]andom is everywhere and all the time, a central part of the everyday lives of consumers operating within a networked society.

Jenkins (2007, p. 361)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abercrombie, Nicholas, and Brian J. Longhurst. 1998. Audiences: A Sociological Theory of Performance and Imagination. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, Valerie, David M. Dozier, Amy Schmitz Weiss, and Diane L. Borden. 2015. Harnessing Peer Potency: Predicting Positive Outcomes from Social Capital Affinity and Online Engagement with Participatory Websites. New Media & Society 17 (10): 1603–1623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, Renee. 2014. The ‘Ecology of Participation’: A Study of Audience Engagement on Alternative Journalism Websites. Digital Journalism 2 (4): 542–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baym, Nancy K. 2000. Tune In, Log On: Soaps, Fandom, and Online Community. Vol. 3. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, Lucy. 2014a. Tracing Textual Poachers: Reflections on the Development of Fan Studies and Digital Fandom. The Journal of Fandom Studies 2 (1): 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014b. ‘If We Stick Together We Can Do Anything’: Lady Gaga Fandom, Philanthropy and Activism Through Social Media. Celebrity Studies 5 (1–2): 138–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, Susan E. 2011. Seeking the Audience for News Response, News Talk, and Everyday Practices. In The Handbook of Media Audiences, ed. Virginia Nightingale, 489–508. Malden: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Booth, Paul. 2010. Digital Fandom: New Media Studies. Vol. 68. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. The Forms of Capital. In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, ed. John G. Richardson, 241–258. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bury, Rhiannon. 2005. Cyberspaces of Their Own: Female Fandoms Online. Vol. 25. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016. Technology, Fandom and Community in the Second Media Age. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856516648084.

  • Busse, Kristina, and Jonathan Gray. 2011. Fan Cultures and Fan Communities. In The Handbook of Media Audiences, ed. Virginia Nightingale, 425–443. Malden: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, Kate. 2009. Following You: Disciplines of Listening in Social Media. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 23 (4): 525–535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crick, Nicki R., and Kenneth A. Dodge. 1996. Social Information-Processing Mechanisms in Reactive and Proactive Aggression. Child Development 67 (3): 993–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. 1975. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G. 1988. Spinoza: Practical Philosophy. Trans. Robert Hurley. San Francisco: City Light Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell, C.E. 1998. Lookit That Hunk of a Man: Subversive Pleasures, Female Fandom and Professional Wrestling. In Theorizing Fandom: Fans, Subculture, and Identity, ed. Cheryl Harris and Alison Alexander. Cresskill: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deller, Ruth. 2011. Twittering on: Audience Research and Participation Using Twitter. Participations 8 (1): 216–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diakopoulos, Nicholas, and Mor Naaman. 2011. Towards Quality Discourse in Online News Comments. Proceedings of the ACM 2011 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Hangzhou, China.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, Kenneth A. 1991. The Structure and Function of Reactive and Proactive Aggression. In Earlscourt Symposium on Childhood Aggression, June, 1988. Toronto: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, Kenneth A., and John D. Coie. 1987. Social-Information-Processing Factors in Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Children’s Peer Groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53 (6): 1146–1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dvir Gvirsman, Shira. 2016. Media Audience Homophily: Partisan Websites, Audience Identity and Polarization Processes. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815625945.

  • Fiske, John. 1992. The Cultural Economy of Fandom. In The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media, ed. Lisa A. Lewis, 30–49. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002. Television Culture. London/New York: Routledge. Original edition, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatson, Sarah N., and Amanda Zweerink. 2004. Interpersonal Culture on the Internet: Television, the Internet, and the Making of a Community. Wales: Edwin Mellen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, A. 2011. Affect Theory and Audience. In The Handbook of Media Audiences, ed. Virginia Nightingale, 251–266. Malden: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, Jennifer L., Heewon Kim, and Seol Ki. 2016. Investigating the Role of Control and Support Mechanisms in Members’ Sense of Virtual Community. Communication Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650216644023.

  • Gorton, Kristyn. 2009. Media Audiences: Television, Meaning and Emotion. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, Jonathan. 2003. New Audiences, New Textualities Anti-fans and Non-fans. International Journal of Cultural Studies 6 (1): 64–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. Antifandom and the Moral Text: Television Without Pity and Textual Dislike. American Behavioral Scientist 48 (7): 840–858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, Jonathan Alan. 2007. The News You Gotta Love It. In Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World, ed. Jonathan Alan Gray, Cornel Sandvoss, and C. Lee Harrington, 75–87. New York: NYU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, Jonathan Alan, Cornel Sandvoss, and C. Lee Harrington. 2007. Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World. New York: NYU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, Joshua, and Henry Jenkins. 2011. Spreadable Media: How Audiences Create Value and Meaning in a Networked Economy. In The Handbook of Media Audiences, ed. Virginia Nightingale. Malden: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossberg, L. 1992. The Affective Sensibility of Fandom. In The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media, ed. Lisa A. Lewis, 60–65. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, Jürgen. 1991. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardaker, Claire. 2010. Trolling in Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication: From User Discussions to Academic Definitions. Journal of Politeness Research 6 (2): 215–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, Cheryl. 1998. A Sociology of Television Fandom. In Theorizing Fandom: Fans, Subculture, and Identity, ed. Cheryl Harris and Alison Alexander. Cresskill: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herring, Susan, Kirk Job-Sluder, Rebecca Scheckler, and Sasha Barab. 2002. Searching for Safety Online: Managing “Trolling” in a Feminist Forum. The Information Society 18 (5): 371–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Highfield, Tim, Stephen Harrington, and Axel Bruns. 2013. Twitter as a Technology for Audiencing and Fandom: The #Eurovision Phenomenon. Information, Communication & Society 16 (3): 315–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hills, Matt. 2002. Fan Cultures. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. The Pleasures of Horror. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchens, Myiah J., Vincent J. Cicchirillo, and Jay D. Hmielowski. 2015. How Could You Think That?!?!: Understanding Intentions to Engage in Political Flaming. New Media & Society 17 (8): 1201–1219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jancovich, Mark. 2002. Cult Fictions: Cult Movies, Subcultural Capital and the Production of Cultural Distinctions. Cultural Studies 16 (2): 306–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jane, Emma A. 2014. Beyond Antifandom: Cheerleading, Textual Hate and New Media Ethics. International Journal of Cultural Studies 17 (2): 175–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, Henry. 1992. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007. Afterword: The Future of Fandom. In Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World, ed. Jonathan Alan Gray, Cornel Sandvoss, and C. Lee Harrington, 357–364. New York: NYU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, Henry, and Sangita Shresthova. 2012. Up, up, and away! The power and potential of fan activism. Transformative Works and Cultures, 10 (Special issue): np. http://dx.doi.org/10.3983/twc.2012.0435.

  • Jenkins, Henry, Sam Ford, and Joshua Green. 2013. Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture. New York: NYU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalviknes Bore, Inger-Lise, and Jonathan Hickman. 2013. Studying Fan Activities on Twitter: Reflections on Methodological Issues Emerging from a Case Study on the West Wing Fandom. First Monday 18 (9): np. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v18i9.4268.

  • Lancaster, Kurt. 2001. Interacting with Babylon 5: Fan Performances in a Media Universe. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichterman, Joseph. 2017. This Site Is ‘Taking the Edge Off Rant Mode’ By Making Readers Pass a Quiz Before Commenting. Nieman Lab. http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/03/this-site-is-taking-the-edge-off-rant-mode-by-making-readers-pass-a-quiz-before-commenting/. Accessed 3 Mar.

  • Liu, Hugo. 2007. Social Network Profiles as Taste Performances. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13 (1): 252–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, George E., W. Russell Neuman, and Michael MacKuen. 2000. Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marwick, Alice, Mary L. Gray, and Mike Ananny. 2014. “‘Dolphins Are Just Gay Sharks’” Glee and the Queer Case of Transmedia as Text and Object. Television & New Media 15 (7): 627–647.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKee, Alan. 2005. The Public Sphere: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papacharissi, Zizi. 2010. A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites. New York/London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Probyn, Elspeth. 2005. Blush: Faces of Shame. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, Zvi. 2011. User Comments: The Transformation of Participatory Space. In Participatory Journalism: Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers, ed. Jane B. Singer, David Domingo, Ari Heinonen, Alfred Hermida, Steve Paulussen, Thorsten Quandt, Zvi Reich, and Marina Vujnovic, 96–117. West Sussex: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, Denise. 2005. Impersonal Passion: Language as Affect. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sandvoss, Cornel. 2005. Fans: The Mirror of Consumption. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky and Adam Frank, (eds). 1995. Shame and Its Sisters: A Silvan Tomkins Reader. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seigworth, Gregory J., and Melissa Gregg. 2010. An Inventory of Shimmers. In The Affect Theory Reader, ed. Melissa Gregg and Gregory J. Seigworth, 1–28. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, Alicia C. 2011. Online Comments: Dialogue or Diatribe? Nieman Reports 65 (2): 52–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, John L. 2004. Flow and Media Enjoyment. Communication Theory 14 (4): 328–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, Jane B., and Ian Ashman. 2009. ‘Comment Is Free, But Facts Are Sacred’: User-Generated Content and Ethical Constructs at the Guardian. Journal of Mass Media Ethics 24 (1): 3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomkins, Silvan S. 1995. Exploring Affect: The Selected Writings of Silvan S. Tomkins. Ed. Virginia E. Demos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Zoonen, Liesbet. 2005. Entertaining The Citizen: When Politics and Popular Culture Converge. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veale, Kevin. 2013. Capital, Dialogue, and Community Engagement—My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic Understood as an Alternate Reality Game. Transformative Works and Cultures, 14: np. http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/510/405.

  • Weber, Patrick. 2014. Discussions in the Comments Section: Factors Influencing Participation and Interactivity in Online Newspapers’ Reader Comments. New Media & Society 16 (6): 941–957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherell, Margaret. 2012. Affect and Emotion: A New Social Science Understanding. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, Megan M., and Linda Baughman. 2012. Glee Fandom and Twitter: Something New, or More of the Same Old Thing? Communication Studies 63 (3): 328–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Barnes, R. (2018). You Either Love It or You Hate It! The Emotional and Affective Factors of Commenting. In: Uncovering Online Commenting Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70235-3_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics