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Besnoitia

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Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets

Abstract

The ten currently described Besnoitia species belong to those coccidians—Apicomplexa—that produce tissue cysts worldwide in domestic and wild ungulates, equids, rodents, lagomorphs, marsupials, and reptiles, which all act species-specifically as intermediate host. While the life cycles of those species, which use smaller animals such as rabbits, rodents, mice, rats, opossums, and lizards as intermediate hosts and cats as final hosts, are established, those life cycles involving cattle, goats, horses, donkeys, and related wild animals are still unknown. However, there are several indications that insects may play an important role in the life cycle, since they were found to be able to transmit cystozoites from the tissue cysts—which occur in the surface skin of their hosts—to wounds of other hosts thus initiating an infection, while other pathways of transmission, e.g., via final hosts producing infectious oocysts, are still unknown. This chapter summarizes the present knowledge of the species of this neglected but apparently spreading genus of coccidian parasites. Although the mortality rates in afflicted cattle herds rarely exceed 10%, they are of considerable economic importance.

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  1. Department of Parasitology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Heinz Mehlhorn

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  1. Center for Research on Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Argentina

    Monica Florin-Christensen

  2. National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Leonhard Schnittger

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Mehlhorn, H. (2018). Besnoitia . In: Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L. (eds) Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70132-5_7

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