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Neospora

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Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets

Abstract

This chapter emphasizes the research performed on canine and bovine neosporosis during almost three decades after its description. This parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum is associated with neuromuscular disorders in dogs and abortions in cattle. Neosporosis was first recognized in dogs in Norway, but its description of N. caninum as a new genus and species was proposed in the USA by Dubey and collaborators in 1988. After the protozoan was isolated from dogs suffering the disease, neosporosis was recognized as the first cause of bovine abortion in dairy cattle from California, USA. Noteworthy, N. caninum is one of the most efficiently congenitally-transmitted organisms. N. caninum-infected cows deliver up to 90% of congenitally infected calves. After the indirect fluorescent antibody test was described for serological diagnosis of neosporosis, many serological tests were developed for detection of antibodies in cattle and other domestic and wild species. The definitive host was unknown until 1998, when N. caninum oocysts were identified and characterized in dogs experimentally fed with infected mouse tissues. Experimental oral infection of cattle with N. caninum oocysts was achieved later on. Nowadays, additional definitive hosts have been described: the coyote (Canis latrans), the Australian dingo (Canis lupus dingo), and the wolf (Canis lupus). Treatments of neuromuscular neosporosis in dogs have been successfully described, but no vaccine or drugs are available for controlling neosporosis in cattle even though economic losses have been estimated in over 1 billion dollars in both beef and dairy industry worldwide.

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  1. National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Dadin Prando Moore

  2. Laboratory of Immunoparasitology (LAINPA), School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

    Maria Cecilia Venturini

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    Monica Florin-Christensen

  2. National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Leonhard Schnittger

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Moore, D.P., Venturini, M.C. (2018). Neospora . In: Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L. (eds) Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70132-5_5

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