Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Legal Aspects of Long-Term Care in Slovenia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Long-Term Care in Europe

Abstract

The importance of long-term care is growing, especially in societies which are getting older. Also in Slovenia, it has been recognised that there is a need for organising long-term care insurance and introducing mechanisms to ensure a good quality of long-term care provision as well as proper protection of informal caregivers. In the present paper the legal aspects of the existing long-term care arrangements and new legislative initiatives in Slovenia are being analysed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For a membership fee it offered security in illness, disease and marriage. Pavliha and Simoniti (2007), p. 42.

  2. 2.

    Eichenhofer (2010), p. 20; Zacher (2011), p. 30.

  3. 3.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 100.

  4. 4.

    Strban (2010), p. 100.

  5. 5.

    Strban (2012c), p. 211. It seems that a similar situation existed in Germany. In 1885, only voluntary insurance for long-term care for the mentally sick was introduced. Gitter and Oberender (1986), p. 16.

  6. 6.

    Boys born in 2016 could expect (under unchanged circumstances) to live almost 78 years (approx. 9 years more than boys born in 1990) and girls almost 84 years of age (approx. 6 years more than those born in 1990). These figures show that the life expectancy for men is at that for women slightly above the EU-28 average. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2012), p. 79, Vrabič Kek (2012), p. 28, www.stat.si, October 2017.

  7. 7.

    Men at 65 years of age could, in 2010, expect to live (on average) for at least another app. 17 years and women for at least another app. 21 years, with slight increase up to 2016. Vrabič Kek (2012), p. 28, www.stat.si, October 2017.

  8. 8.

    The fertility rate (as the average number of children per women in certain age brackets) in Slovenia was 1.26 in 2005 and had slightly increased to 1.57 by 2010, but decreased again in 2011 (1.56, and remained stable up to today, i.e. at 1.58 in 2016). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2012, p. 80, www.stat.si, October 2017. It was below the EU average. To maintain the population level (not counting migration flows) it should be at least 2.1 or 2.2 (due to the unequal number of births of boys and girls). European Commission (2010), p. 28.

  9. 9.

    This is emphasised also by the Slovenian Constitutional Court, e.g. in Decision U-II-1/11, 10 March 2011, SI:USRS:2011:U.II.1.11, Official Journal RS, No. 20/2011.

  10. 10.

    According to population projections, the share of persons aged 65 or more is projected to increase from 17.4 to 30% (in 2060) in the EU. European Commission (2010), p. 65.

  11. 11.

    In Slovenia the number of dependent persons receiving long-term care benefits (in institutional care and at home, for old-aged and disabled recipients) rose by 7.5% within a couple of years only (from 23.411 in 2006 to 25.130 in 2008). Preparatory legislative material for a Long-term Care and Long-term Care Insurance Act in Slovenia, March 2010.

  12. 12.

    The natural increase in Slovenia was negative in the years 2000 (−0.2) and 2005 (−0.3); it was positive from 2006 onwards (0.4) with its peak in 2010 (1.8) and a slight reduction in 2011 (1.6). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2012), p. 78. Natural increase remained positive also in the following years (e.g. 0,3 in 2016), www.stat.si, October 2017.

  13. 13.

    The average family and household size has been declining since the 1960s. European Commission (2010), p. 72.

  14. 14.

    Resolution on the National Social Assistance Program 2013–2020 (Point 2), Official Journal RS, No. 39/2013.

  15. 15.

    Article 7 of the new Pension and Invalidity Insurance Act (ZPIZ-2) applicable since 2013.

  16. 16.

    The Slovenian Constitutional Court recognised the rights of cohabiting same-sex partners in the law of inheritance (Decision U-I-212/10, 14 March 2013, SI:USRS:2013:U.I.212.10, Official Journal RS, No. 31/2013). See also the Civil Union Act from 2016 (Zakon o partnerski zvezi, Official Journal RS, No. 33/2016).

  17. 17.

    Above 50% in 2011. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2012), p. 231. In the following years (up to 2016) participation of women was slightly below 50%, www.stat.si, October 2017.

  18. 18.

    Stendahl et al. (2008), Eichhorst et al. (2008).

  19. 19.

    E.g., Zgrablić (2007) argued for mandatory private long-term care insurance.

  20. 20.

    On typology of legal systems David and Grasmann (1998–1999).

  21. 21.

    On the structure of the Slovenian social security system Strban (2010/11), p. 363.

  22. 22.

    Article 50 (The right to social security) of the Constitution, Official Journal RS, 33-I/1991, last amendment 75/2016.

  23. 23.

    Confirmed also by the Slovenian Constitutional Court, e.g. in case U-I-159/07, 10 June 2010, SI:USRS:2010:U.I.159.07, Official Journal RS, No. 51/2010. See also Becker et al. (2010), p. 404.

  24. 24.

    The first legislative proposal was introduced by the Ministry of Health in 2006 and the second one by the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities in 2010. New proposal was offered to public discussion by the Ministry of Health on 20 October 2017.

  25. 25.

    Strban (2012c), p. 212.

  26. 26.

    Strban (2012c), p. 213.

  27. 27.

    More on the criteria as well as international and European legal instruments binding Slovenia ibid., p. 221.

  28. 28.

    Bubnov Škoberne A in: Novak et al. (2006), p. 381.

  29. 29.

    Introduction to the Proposal of the Long-term Care and Long-term Care Insurance Act by the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs ad Equal Opportunities, 12 March 2010.

  30. 30.

    Strban (2012a), p. 249, Pieters (2006), p. 94.

  31. 31.

    Pieters (2006), p. 95.

  32. 32.

    For instance Decision of the Slovenian Constitutional Court No. U-I-69/03, 20. 10. 2005, SI:USRS:2005:U.I.69.03, OdlUS XIV, 75.

  33. 33.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 50, 178. Conversely, some other legal fields are codified, like the law of obligations or criminal law or recently also family law.

  34. 34.

    Pension and Invalidity Insurance Act (Zakon o pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju, ZPIZ-2), Official Journal RS, No. 96/2012, last amendment 40/2017.

  35. 35.

    Definition in Article 7 ZPIZ-2.

  36. 36.

    Article 100 ZPIZ-2.

  37. 37.

    In June 2013 this would amount to 292 Euro (in net terms) or 449 Euro (in gross terms).

  38. 38.

    In June 2013 this would amount to 419 Euro (in net terms) or 645 Euro (in gross terms).

  39. 39.

    Zakon o socialnovarstvenih prejemkih – ZsvarPre, Official Journal RS, No. 61/2010, as last amended by 88/2016. See also Strban (2011), p. 171.

  40. 40.

    For instance with the UK’s Disability Living Allowance (DLA), whose mobility component was considered to be of a social assistance nature (a so-called special non-contributory benefit, for which somewhat restricted rules of social security coordination apply), but whose care component had to be regarded as sickness (i.e. long-term care) benefit and which was hence subject to all social security coordination rules. Cases C-299/05 Commission v Parliament and Council [2007] ECR I-8695 and C-537/09 Bartlett and Others [2011] ECR I-3417.

  41. 41.

    Zakon o družbenem varstvu duševno in telesno prizadetih oseb – ZDVDTP, Official Journal SRS, No. 41/1983, last amended in 2012 (by the Financial Balance Act).

  42. 42.

    Zakon o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih – ZSDP-1, Official Journal RS, No. 26/2014 and 90/2015.

  43. 43.

    Article 84 ZSDP.

  44. 44.

    Article 50 ZSDP-1.

  45. 45.

    Strban (2012b), p. 38.

  46. 46.

    Article 14 of the Slovenian Constitution.

  47. 47.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 344.

  48. 48.

    The social protection system is considered to encompass social security, social compensation and social advantages schemes. Strban (2010/11), p. 367.

  49. 49.

    Zakon o vojnih invalidih—ZVojI, Official Journal RS, No. 63/1995, last amended by 19/2014.

  50. 50.

    Article 13 of the War Veterans Act (Zakon o vojnih veteranih—ZVV), Official Journal RS, No. 63/1995, last amended by 32/2014.

  51. 51.

    Vrhnjak (2011), p. 6.

  52. 52.

    Švab (2011).

  53. 53.

    It seems that it had already been used in 1881 by Dr. Karl Bleiweis, who advocated the inclusion of the families in the treatment of psychiatric patients and adjustment of their living and working conditions. Ibid, p. 4.

  54. 54.

    Zakon o duševnem zdravju—ZDZdr, Official Journal RS, No. 77/2008.

  55. 55.

    Articles 2 and 91 ff. ZDZdr.

  56. 56.

    Resolucija o nacionalnem programu socialnega varstva za obdobje 2013–2020, Official Journal RS, No. 39/2013.

  57. 57.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 378.

  58. 58.

    Article 7 Regulation 492/2011/EU on freedom of movement for workers within the Union, Official Journal L 141, 27 May 2011.

  59. 59.

    Zakon o socialnem varstvu—ZSV, Official Journal RS, No. 54/1992, as last amended by 54/2017.

  60. 60.

    Nagode et al. (2012), p. 16.

  61. 61.

    Reportedly, in Slovenia the majority of inhabitants/families own real estate, still only the minority rent an apartment or a house.

  62. 62.

    Pravilnik o standardih in normativih socialnovarstvenih storitev, Official Journal RS, No. 45/2010, as last amended by 102/2015.

  63. 63.

    Article 6 of the Rules on Standards of Social Services.

  64. 64.

    More at the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, www.mddsz.gov.si, October 2017.

  65. 65.

    More at www.missoc.org, October 2017. ZOA, Official Journal RS, No. 10/2017.

  66. 66.

    Detailed regulation can be found in the already mentioned Rules on Standards of Social Services.

  67. 67.

    Article 16 ZSV.

  68. 68.

    According to the information from the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, there are 55 residential homes for the elderly in Slovenia, www.mddsz.gov.si, June 2013.

  69. 69.

    According to the overview of applications and vacancies of 2 November 2017, of the Association of Social Institutes of Slovenia (Skupnost socialnih zavodov Slovenije, www.ssz-slo.si).

  70. 70.

    Article 17 ZSV.

  71. 71.

    Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities (2010), p. 4.

  72. 72.

    Hohnerlein and Blenk-Knocke (2008), p. 13.

  73. 73.

    Slovenian mandatory health insurance is characterised by a very broad vertical and horizontal solidarity. Everyone (employees, public servants, the self-employed and farmers, regardless of their income and that of their family members) active or (permanently) residing in Slovenia is covered by the uniform scheme. Reportedly, less than 0.5% of inhabitants were (temporarily) without health insurance coverage at the end of 2012. ZZZS (2013), p. 19.

  74. 74.

    Art. 23 of the 2010 Proposal.

  75. 75.

    Extensively Igl, in von Maydell et al. (2012), p. 929 ff.

  76. 76.

    Art. 110 of the 2010 Proposal.

  77. 77.

    Cash benefit could also be granted if benefits in kind cannot be provided. In this case the full amount of the benefits package would be granted. Arts. 33 and 34 of the 2010 Proposal.

  78. 78.

    Strban (2012a), p. 266.

  79. 79.

    “Traditional” social security risks are (not exhaustively) mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 25) and enumerated in ILO Convention No. 102 concerning Minimum Standards of Social Security, 1952.

  80. 80.

    Schulin (1997), p. 6. For instance, the term helplessness allowance (Hilflosenentschädigung) is used e.g. in Switzerland and Liechtenstein (www.missoc.org, June 2013).

  81. 81.

    Kerschen et al. (2005), p. 13.

  82. 82.

    Art. 2 of the Spanish Ley 39/2006, de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia, Boletín Oficial del Estado, No. 299/2006. On care (dependency) also Pieters (2006), p. 93.

  83. 83.

    Roller (2007), Udsching et al. (2010), p. 69. Greifeneder and Liebhart (2008), p. 5.

  84. 84.

    Missoc Secretariat (2009).

  85. 85.

    Adopted by the Council of Europe on 18 September 1998 at the 641st meeting of the Ministers Deputies.

  86. 86.

    See Article 34 of the EU Charter.

  87. 87.

    See Chapter III Equality (Articles 25 and 26) of the EU Charter.

  88. 88.

    See Appendix to the Recommendation.

  89. 89.

    The Single Social Open Method of Coordination was established in 2005 by the Commission Communication entitled Working together, working better—A new framework for the open coordination of social protection and inclusion policies in the European Union, COM (2005) 706 final.

  90. 90.

    Article 2 of the 2010 Proposal.

  91. 91.

    Strban (2012c), p. 220.

  92. 92.

    For instance in cases C-160/96 Molenaar, EU:C:1998:84, Para 3 and C-388/09 da Silva Martins, EU:C:2011:439, Para. 40. On notions also Fine and Glendinning (2005), p. 601, or Igl (2008), p.1.

  93. 93.

    Jorens and Spiegel (2011), p. 14.

  94. 94.

    Articles 128 and 181 ZPIZ-2.

  95. 95.

    Article 32 ZSVarPre.

  96. 96.

    Article 3a ZSDP.

  97. 97.

    Vrhnjak (2011), p. 6.

  98. 98.

    Article 10 of the 2010 Proposal.

  99. 99.

    Article 4 of the 2010 Proposal. At least three month condition is foreseen also in the 2017 proposal (Article 2)

  100. 100.

    Article 102 ZPIZ-2.

  101. 101.

    Article 101 ZPIZ-2.

  102. 102.

    Articles 101 and 102 ZPIZ-2.

  103. 103.

    Article 102 ZPIZ-2.

  104. 104.

    Article 32 ZSVarPre and Article 9.a ZDVDTP.

  105. 105.

    Article 24 ZVojI.

  106. 106.

    Article 79 ZSDP-1.

  107. 107.

    Article 18f ZSV.

  108. 108.

    Article 189 of the 2010 Proposal.

  109. 109.

    Article 12 of the 2010 Proposal.

  110. 110.

    Article 13 of the 2010 Proposal.

  111. 111.

    Article 111 of the 2010 Proposal.

  112. 112.

    For instance Regulation (EC) 883/2004/EC on the coordination of social security systems, OJ L 166, 30 April 2004, uses the notion of accidents at work (e.g. in its Article 3) and the older ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention of 1952 (No. 102) uses the notion of employment injury (e.g. its Article 31).

  113. 113.

    Cf. also Part VI of the ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention of 1952 (No. 102). It is legally binding also for Slovenia, Official Journal FLRJ-MP No. 1/1955 and Official Journal RS-MP, No. 15/1992 (succession of international treaties). Slovenia is bound also by the Employment Injury Benefits Convention of 1964 (No. 121). Kalčič M in; Novak et al. (2006), p. 393.

  114. 114.

    Zakon o varnosti in zdravju pri delu (ZVZD-1), Official Journal RS, No. 43/2011.

  115. 115.

    Zakon o zdravstvenem varstvu in zdravstvenem zavarovanju (ZZVZZ), Official Journal RS, No. 9/92, last amended in 2013.

  116. 116.

    Article 66 ZPIZ-2.

  117. 117.

    Article 19 ZZVZZ.

  118. 118.

    Strban G in: Kresal et al. (2016), p. 127.

  119. 119.

    Pravilnik o seznamu poklicnih bolezni, Official Journal RS, No. 85/03, which has remained applicable also after adopting the new ZVZD-1 in 2011. Due to ZPIZ-2 it is no longer in force (since the beginning of 2013), but it is still being applied until the new list is published.

  120. 120.

    It is argued that the situation of women might be improved if an open system (system of evidence for each disease) or at least a mixed system (list plus possible evidence for non-listed diseases) was introduced. Strban, 2012/2, p. 35.

  121. 121.

    Decisions in cases C-215/99 Jauch, EU:C:2001:139 and C-160/96 Molenaar, EU:C:1998:84.

  122. 122.

    Decision in case C-388/09 da Silva Martins, EU:C:2011:439.

  123. 123.

    Commission Communication, A renewed commitment to social Europe: Reinforcing the Open Method of Coordination for social protection and social inclusion, COM(2008) 418 final.

  124. 124.

    Like it is, for instance, in Austrian legislation Allgemeines Sozialversicherungsgesetz (ASVG), Article 120.

  125. 125.

    Which has mainly developed the definition, for instance, in Germany. Ebsen I in: von Maydell et al. (2012), p. 762.

  126. 126.

    ILO Conventions No. 24 and 25 on Sickness Insurance (Industry/Agriculture) use the wording ‘abnormal state of his bodily or mental health’. Both are binding also for Slovenia. Strban, in Novak et al. (2006), p. 343.

  127. 127.

    Extensively Strban (2005), p. 176 ff.

  128. 128.

    On primary and secondary social risks in the German social security system Kreikebohm (1999).

  129. 129.

    Article 128 ZPIZ-2.

  130. 130.

    Article 32 of the 2010 Proposal.

  131. 131.

    First hospice house was opened in Ljubljana in December 2010, www.hospic.si and http://ljubhospic.si/, October 2017.

  132. 132.

    Strban (2005), p. 201.

  133. 133.

    “LTC is defined as a range of services required by persons with a reduced degree of functional capacity, physical or cognitive, and who are consequently dependent for an extended period of time on help with basic activities of daily living (ADL). This “personal care” component is frequently provided in combination with help with basic medical services such as “nursing care” (help with wound dressing, pain management, medication, health monitoring), as well as prevention, rehabilitation or services of palliative care. LTC services can also be combined with lower-level care related to “domestic help” or help with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Colombo et al. (2011).

  134. 134.

    Article 12 of the 2010 Proposal. According to the legislation proposed in 2017, palliative care should be regulated in the new health care and health insurance act.

  135. 135.

    Article 17 of the 2010 Proposal also excludes medical technical aids.

  136. 136.

    Primary prevention means the prevention of diseases (also by way of immuno- and chemoprophylaxis); secondary rehabilitation means the early detection of diseases. More also about general and special preventive measures Strban (2005), p. 187 ff.

  137. 137.

    Article 14 of the 2010 Proposal.

  138. 138.

    Article 94 ZPIZ-2.

  139. 139.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 245.

  140. 140.

    Strban (2012c), p. 229.

  141. 141.

    Dawson (1912), p. 138. Hänlein A, Tennstedt F in: von Maydell et al. (2012), p. 70.

  142. 142.

    Igl (2007), p. 43 describes it as risque heureux.

  143. 143.

    Article 40 of ILO Convention No. 102.

  144. 144.

    Decision in joined cases C-245/94 and C-312/94 Hoever and Zachow [1996] ECR I-4895.

  145. 145.

    Official Journal RS-MP, No. 10/2008.

  146. 146.

    Kresal B in: Kresal et al. (2016), p. 205.

  147. 147.

    Zavod Republike Slovenije za šolstvo, www.zrss.si, October 2017.

  148. 148.

    Article 17 of the 2010 proposal.

  149. 149.

    Article 70 of Regulation (EC) 883/2004/EC.

  150. 150.

    Article 89 ZVojI, Art. 22 ZVV.

  151. 151.

    However, no DRG method is used to pay the providers, but the so-called hospital treatment days are financed by the HIIS. Article 37 of the General Agreement between HIIS, the State and healthcare providers for the contractual year 2013. Articles 13–15 of the Agreement for hospitals for the contractual year 2008.

  152. 152.

    Article 41.c ZSV.

  153. 153.

    There are no co-payments for accidents at work and occupational diseases. Strban (2005), p. 209.

  154. 154.

    Article 25 ZZVZZ.

  155. 155.

    Article 23 ZZVZZ.

  156. 156.

    ZZZS (2013), p. 45.

  157. 157.

    E.g., Community Health Centre Ljubljana, www.zd-lj.si, October 2017.

  158. 158.

    E.g., http://patronaza.si/, October 2017.

  159. 159.

    Article 41a ZSV.

  160. 160.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 378.

  161. 161.

    A full list of social servicing providers can be found at the internet site of the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, www.mddsz.si, October 2017.

  162. 162.

    Decision in case U-I-150/05, 5 July 2005, SI:USRS:2007:U.I.150.05.

  163. 163.

    For instance, in Ljubljana social servicing was subsidised up to 60% of its value. This was abolished in 2013. Žibret (2013).

  164. 164.

    Regulations on criteria for determining exemptions from the payment of social services (Uredba o merilih za določanje oprostitev pri plačilih socialno varstvenih storitev), Official Journal RS, No. 110/2004, last amended in 2015.

  165. 165.

    Article 18.a ZSV.

  166. 166.

    Volunteering Act (Zakon o prostovoljstvu - ZProst), Official Journal RS 10/2011, last amended in 2015.

  167. 167.

    In Article 30 of the 2010 Proposal the amount of 230 Euro is mentioned.

  168. 168.

    E.g., Article 104 ZPIZ-2 or Article 83 ZVojI.

  169. 169.

    Cases C-208/07 von Chamier-Glisczinski EU:C:2009:455 and C-466/04 Acereda Herrera EU:C:2006:405. See also Decision of the Administrative Commission for the Coordination of Social Security Systems No. S5 of 2 October 2009 on the interpretation of the concept of benefits in kind as defined in Article 1(va) of Regulation (EC) No. 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council in the event of sickness or maternity pursuant to Articles 17, 19, 20, 22, 24(1), 25, 26, 27(1, 3, 4 and 5), 28, 34 and 36(1 and 2) of Regulation (EC) No. 883/2004 and on the calculation of the amounts to be refunded under Articles 62, 63 and 64 of Regulation (EC) No. 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, OJ C 106, 24 April 2010, p. 54.

  170. 170.

    Only under specific circumstances might an insured person be rejected (e.g., if there is no available place in a hospital). Strban (2005), p. 255.

  171. 171.

    OJ L 88, 4 April 2011, p. 45. See also Strban (2013), p. 391.

  172. 172.

    Article 1 Directive 2011/24/EU.

  173. 173.

    Case C-562/10 Commission v Germany, EU:C:2012:442.

  174. 174.

    Article 4 ZSV.

  175. 175.

    Slovenia has ratified the revised European Social Charter, Official Journal RS-MP, No. 7/1999.

  176. 176.

    Point 23 (First Part) of the revised Charter.

  177. 177.

    Article 23 (Second Part) of the revised Charter.

  178. 178.

    Ibid.

  179. 179.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 383.

  180. 180.

    Article 110 of the 2010 Proposal.

  181. 181.

    Article 91 ZDZdr.

  182. 182.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 384.

  183. 183.

    Rules on the procedures for exercising the right to institutional care (Pravilnik o postopkih pri uveljavljanju pravice do institucionalnega varstva), Official Journal RS, No. 38/2004, as last amended by 4/2014.

  184. 184.

    On the internet site of the Association of Social Institutes of Slovenia, https://servis.ssz-slo.si/Prosnje/, October 2017.

  185. 185.

    Bubnov Škoberne and Strban (2010), p. 385.

  186. 186.

    Büschner and Schnepp (2011), p. 469.

  187. 187.

    Strban (2012a), p. 267.

  188. 188.

    For instance, if the goal of care allowance could not be achieved, in Austria the benefit in kind might be granted instead. Greifeneder and Liebhart (2008), p. 68. It seems that also Flemish care insurance (Zorgverzekering) provides only cash benefits (www.missoc.org, October 2017).

  189. 189.

    Paras. 3 and 4 SGB XI. The notion of informal caregiver (Pflegeperson) is defined in Para. 19 SGB XI.

  190. 190.

    Peters, K, op. cit., Para 3 SGB XI, p. 1.

  191. 191.

    Article 103 ZPIZ-2.

  192. 192.

    Article 18c ZSV.

  193. 193.

    Article 83 of the 2010 Proposal. See also new Personal Assistance Act (Zakon o osebni asistenci - ZOA) from 2017.

  194. 194.

    The cash benefit should amount to 40 per cent of the long-term care services package. Article 34 of the 2010 Proposal.

  195. 195.

    For instance also in Spain priority is given to benefits in kind, and the delivery of long-term care is primarily seen as the task of the State and not the family. Although cash benefits to the family are an exception and there should be no incentive to leave or to not take up economic activity, there should be no illusion that home care does not exist anymore. Public institutions providing long-term care are clearly given the priority, but it seems that often the necessary infrastructure is not yet in place. In addition, in some parts of Spain unemployment is rather high and any income for caregiving family members is welcome. Hence, despite the good intentions of the legislator, it might happen that (at least in less developed parts of Spain) the provision of care to family members will remain the “profession” of women mainly. Reinhard (2008), p. 231.

  196. 196.

    Article 35 of the 2010 Proposal.

  197. 197.

    http://www.id.gov.si/si/o_inspektoratu/organizacija_inspektorata_rs_za_delo/socialna_inspekcija/, October 2017.

  198. 198.

    According to Articles 102 ff. ZSV and the Rules on Carrying out Inspections in the Field of Social Care (Pravilnik o izvajanju inšpekcijskega nadzora na področju socialnega varstva), Official Journal RS, No. 74/2004.

  199. 199.

    Article 18f ZSV.

  200. 200.

    Artcle 111 of the 2010 Proposal. See also the new ZOA.

  201. 201.

    Articles 74 and 98 of the 2010 Proposal.

  202. 202.

    On the situation in Germany Büschner and Schnepp (2011), pp. 474, 476.

  203. 203.

    Strban (2012c), p. 231.

  204. 204.

    Strban (2012a), p. 269. See also Becker and Laurer (2011), p. 121.

References

  • Becker U, Lauerer L (2011) Zur Unterstützung von Pflegepersonen, Reformnotwendigkeiten und –optionen. In: Zeit für Verantwortung im Lebensverlauf – Politische und rechtliche Handlungsstrategien, Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Sozialrecht, Berlin, pp 121–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker U, Pieters D, Ross F, Schoukens P (eds) (2010) Security: A general principle of social security law in Europe. Europa Law Publishing, Groningen

    Google Scholar 

  • Bubnov Škoberne A, Strban G (2010) Pravo socialne varnosti [The law of social security]. GV Založba, Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Büschner A, Schnepp, W (2011) Die Bedeutung von Familien in der pflegerischen Versorgung. In: Schaeffer D, Wingenfeld K (eds) Handbuch Pflegewissenschaft, Neuausgabe, Juventa Verlag, Weinheim and Munich

    Google Scholar 

  • Colombo F, Llena Nozal A, Mercier J, Tjadens F (2011) Help wanted?, Providing and paying for long-term care, OECD Health Policy Studies. OECD, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • David R, Grasmann G (1998–1999) Uvod v velike sodobne pravne sisteme [Einführung in die großen Rechtssysteme der Gegenwart]. Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson WH (1912) Social insurance in Germany, 1883–1911: its history, operation, results, and a comparison with the National insurance act, 1911, Scribner, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenhofer E (2010) Sozialrecht, 7th edn. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichhorst W, Kaufmann O, Konle-Seidl R (eds) (2008) Bringing the jobless into work? Experiences with activation schemes in Europe and the US. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission, Eurostat (2010) Demography report 2010: older, more numerous and diverse Europeans. Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Fine M, Glendinning C (2005) Dependence, independence or inter-dependence? Revisiting the concepts of “care” and “dependency”. Aging Soc 25(4):601–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gitter W, Oberender P (eds) (1986) Pflegefallrisiko. Verlag P.C.O, Bayreuth

    Google Scholar 

  • Greifeneder M, Liebhart G (2008) Handbuch Pflegegeld, Grundsätze, Einstufung und Verfahren, Absicherung pflegender Angehöriger, Pflegeverträge und Heimaufenthaltsgesetz. Manz, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohnerlein EM, Blenk-Knocke E (2008) Einführung. In: Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, frauen und Jugend, Forschungsreihe Band 8, Rollenleitbilder und -realitäten in Europa: Rechtliche, ökonomische und kulturelle Dimensionen, Nomos, Baden-Baden, pp 13–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Igl G (2007) Grundsatzfragen der Alterssicherung – Sinn und Ausprägung der Rentenversicherung. In: Becker U, Kaufmann F-X, von Maydell B, Schmäl W, Zacher HF (eds) Alterssicherung in Deutschland. Nomos, pp 43–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Igl G (2008) Pflegebedürftigkeit, Pflege und Pflegebedarf im rechtlichen Verständnis. In: Beitrage zum Recht der sozialen Dienste und Einrichtungen, vol 66. Cologne, Munich, pp 1–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorens Y (ed), Spiegel B (ed), Garcia De Cortazar C, Fillon J-C, Fuchs M, Strban G (2011) Coordination of Long-term Care Benefits − current situation and future prospects. trESS Think Tank Report, pp 1–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerschen N, Hajdu J, Igl G, Joël M-E, Knipscheer K, Tomes I (2005) Long-term care for older persons. Bulletin Luxembourgeois des Questions Sociales 19:9–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreikebohm R (1999) Zur Systematik der Erfassung sekundärer Sozialleistungsfälle im deutschen Sozialrecht. NZS 7:318–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Kresal B, Kresal Šoltes K, Strban G (2016) Social security law in Slovenia, 3rd edn. Kluwer Law International

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities of the Republic of Slovenia (2010) Proposal for a Long-term care and long-term care insurance act. Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • MISSOC Secretariat (2009) MISSOC analysis, long-term care. Report for the European Commission, Brussels, pp 1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagode M, Jakob Krejan, P, Smolej S (2012) Izvajanje pomoči na domu, Analiza stanja v letu 2011, Končno poročilo [Implementation of the home care, Analysis for 2011, final report]. Inštitut Republike Slovenije za socialno varstvo [Social Assistance Institute of the Republic of Slovenia], Ljubljana, September 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak M (ed), Končar P (ed), Bubnov Škoberne A (ed), Belopavlovič N, Kalčič M, Kresal B, Kresal Šoltes K, Strban G, Vodovnik Z (2006) Konvencije Mednarodne organizacije dela: s komentarjem [ILO Conventions with commentary]. GV založba, Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavliha M, Simoniti S (2007) Zavarovalno pravo [Law of insurance], Druga, spremenjena in dopolnjena izdaja. GV Založba, Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieters D (2006) Social security: an introduction to the basic principles, second edition – revised. Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den Rijn

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinhard H-J (2008) Die soziale Absicherung von pflegenden Familienangehörigen in Spanien. In: Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, Forschungsreihe Band 8, Rollenleitbilder und -realitäten in Europa: Rechtliche, ökonomische und kulturelle Dimensionen. Nomos, Baden-Baden, pp 226–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Roller S (2007) Pflegebedürftigkeit, Eine analyse der §§ 14, 15 SGB XI mit ihren rechtlich-systematischen und pflegewissenschaftlichen Bezügen. Nomos, Baden-Baden

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulin B (ed) (1997) Handbuch des Sozialversicherungsrecht, Band 4 Pflegeversicherungsrecht. C.H. Beck, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2012) Statistical Yearbook 2012. Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Stendahl S, Erhag T, Devetzi S (eds) (2008) A European work-first welfare state. Centrum för Europaforskning, Gothenburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Strban G (2005) Temelji obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja [Basic concepts of mandatory health insurance]. Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Strban G (2010/11) Systematisierung des slowenischen Rechts der sozialen Sicherheit im Vergleich zur Systematisierung des deutschen Sozialrechts. Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Arbeits- und Sozialrecht (ZIAS) 25(4):353–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Strban G (2011) Pravni vidiki nove ureditve sistema socialnega varstva [Legal aspects of the new regulation of social assistance scheme]. Pravnik 66 (128), 3–4:171–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Strban G (2012a) Distinctive long-term care schemes as a response to changed family structures and demographic situation. Pravnik 67(129), No. 3–4:249–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Strban G (2012b) Gender differences in social protection, MISSOC analysis 2012/2, MISSOC Secretariat, For the European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion, November 2012, pp 1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Strban G (2012c) Odvisnost od oskrbe drugega – novo socialno tveganje? [Reliance on care provided by another person – new social risk?]. Zbornik znanstvenih razprav LXXII:211–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Strban G (2013) Patient mobility in the European Union: between social security coordination and free movement of services, ERA Forum 14(3):391–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Švab V (2011) Skupnostna psihiatrija [Community psychiatry]. Ombudsperson of Slovenia, www.varuh-rs.si, pp 1–46

  • Udsching P, Schütze B, Bahrend N, Bassen A (2010) SGB XI Soziale Pflegeversicherung, Kommentar. C.H. Beck, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  • von Maydell B, Ruland F, Becker U (eds) (2012) Sozialrechtshandbuch (SRH), 5th edn. Baden-Baden, Nomos

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrabič Kek B (2012) Kakovost življenja [Quality of life]. Statistical Office RS, Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrhnjak S (2011) Smo bolnišnica prijaznih ljudi [We are a hospital of kind people]. KC interno, No 2/2011:6–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacher HF (2011) Geschichte und Krise der sozialen Marktwirtschaft: Akademie Aktuell. Zeitschrift der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2011(3):30–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Zgrablić B (2007) Oris proučitve možnosti uvedbe zasebnega obveznega zavarovanja za dolgotrajno oskrbo [Outline of the possibility to introduce private mandatory long-term care insurance]. Working paper presented at the Ministry of Health, Ljubljana, 16/09/2007

    Google Scholar 

  • Žibret A (2013) Storitev socialnega servisa bo treba plačati v celoti [Social servicing will have to be paid in full]. Newspaper Delo, 10/04/2013

    Google Scholar 

  • ZZZS (2013) Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije, Poslovno poročilo za leto 2012 [Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia, Business report for the year 2012]. Ljubljana 2013

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Grega Strban

Authors
  1. Grega Strban
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Grega Strban .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany

    Ulrich Becker

  2. Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany

    Hans-Joachim Reinhard

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Strban, G. (2018). Legal Aspects of Long-Term Care in Slovenia. In: Becker, U., Reinhard, HJ. (eds) Long-Term Care in Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70081-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70081-6_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70080-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70081-6

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation