Abstract
The action is taken to reach the European objectives for mitigation and adaption to the climate change demand intervention at all urban levels, that is, from the residential building to the neighbourhood and from the neighbourhood to the city. However, this action must first be based on the diagnosis of the current state of the residential stock in relationship with two of the most significant environmental aspects which are energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Second, action must also be focused on the knowledge of the efficient retrofitting measures of the thermal envelope in order to measure the reach or repercussions that retrofitting may have on residential buildings constructed as a whole. In addition, there must be awareness of the existing social reality in certain areas, in order to prioritize action plans and strategies in a viable and realistic way. This chapter shows an example carried out in the city of Pamplona, in northern Spain. In this example, typologies of social-type dwellings in the different suburban neighbourhoods of the city have been identified, a diagnosis of the energy efficiency of these buildings and their energy rating has been obtained, and two retrofitting scenarios have been established in order to assess the repercussions of the measures taken. The socio-economic aspects of the population which affect the potential for retrofitting have also been studied. Likewise, the potential areas of greater energy and social vulnerability which demand special assistance and interventions in order to avoid situations of energy poverty have been identified. The complete information has been gathered in a GIS model.
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Notes
- 1.
The census section is defined, with exceptions, as a continuous territory inhabited by minimum of 500 inhabitants and a maximum of 2.500, clearly limited by territorial, geographical and/or urban features. For this reason, and from a social perspective, due to its small extension, it ensures evident uniformity for its inhabitants and their families—particularly in terms of its relative position compared to the remaining sections. Therefore, the mean characteristics of all the other individuals in the section can be taken as valid for each individual unit of which it is composed (Veres, 1999).
On the maps, the continuous lines which divide the suburb mark the different census sections.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Fundación Caja Navarra for founding the Project ‘Energy-Social Model of Houses Built between 1940 and 1980 in Rochapea and Chantrea Neighbourhoods, Pamplona’. We wish to give special thanks to Juan José Pons-Izquierdo, Ana Castillejo and Jorge San Miguel for their collaboration in the GIS programme and collecting data. Finally, we appreciate the assistance of Cristina Güell in this chapter.
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Monge-Barrio, A., Sánchez-Ostiz Gutiérrez, A. (2018). The Scope of Retrofitting on an Urban Scale. Use of Geographic Information Systems, GIS, for Diagnosis of Energy Efficient Interventions at an Urban Level. In: Passive Energy Strategies for Mediterranean Residential Buildings. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69883-0_6
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