Abstract
We propose a multidimensional taxonomy of multiword expressions (MWEs) as a pattern applicable to entries in a representative lexicon of Czech MWEs. The taxonomy and the lexicon are useful for many reasons concerning lexicography, teaching Czech as a foreign language, and theoretical issues of MWEs as entities standing between lexicon and grammar, as well as for NLP tasks such as tagging and parsing, identification and search of MWEs, or word sense and semantic disambiguation. In addition to the description of various types of idiomaticity, the taxonomy and the lexicon are designed to account for flexibility in morphology and word order, syntactic and lexical variants and even creatively used fragments.
This paper is part of the project Between Lexicon and Grammar (2016–2018), supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, reg. no. 16-07473S.
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Notes
- 1.
Even velbloud ‘camel’ is sometimes missing. Czech is no exception, cf. a similarly creative use in English: You’d have an easier time getting a camel through the eye of a needle than getting them to agree on the issue (Farlex Dictionary of Idioms, 2015).
- 2.
SYN2010, SYN2015 (122 million tokens each), SYN release 4 and 5 (4.3 and 4.6 billion tokens, respectively).
- 3.
Valency is a notable exception from this principle, cf. Sect. 5.4.
- 4.
- 5.
Our taxonomy treats collocations as “statistically idiomatic MWEs” (see Sect. 7.6).
- 6.
Seretan uses the term collocation in the linguistic, syntactically motivated sense. For the broader, statistically defined class she adopts the term co-occurrence.
- 7.
- 8.
Some of the types below can be binomials, i.e. expressions containing two words that are juxtaposed, or joined by a conjunction (usually and or or) or preposition: day and night, G. gang und gäbe ‘usual’, Cz. [děvče] krev a mlíko ‘a ruddy, healthy-looking, full-figured [girl]’ (lit. ‘[a girl] blood and milk’).
- 9.
In prepositional phrases (and in some other kinds of phrases), two syntactic heads are distinguished: (i) surface syntactic head and (ii) deep syntactic head constituted by the preposition and the NP’s head noun, respectively.
- 10.
- 11.
Similarly as traditional Czech grammars, we see topicalization as a word-order rather than transformation phenomenon.
- 12.
The structure of the lexical entry is based on the principles of structured lexical description proposed in [29], though in a substantially simplified way.
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Hnátková, M. et al. (2017). Eye of a Needle in a Haystack. In: Mitkov, R. (eds) Computational and Corpus-Based Phraseology. EUROPHRAS 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10596. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69805-2_12
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