Skip to main content

Lupus Erythematosus in Pigmented and Black Skin

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1059 Accesses

Abstract

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory, often multisystem disease, seen in all populations worldwide. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and immune serological parameters, with variable evolution and prognosis. The skin is the most frequent site of involvement, showing variable erythematous lesions and overlapping features which make the diagnosis by the physician often difficult, particularly in pigmented or black skin. There are various classifications and different variants and subtypes of the disease with three major forms: The discoid or chronic cutaneous lupus (DLE), the subacute cutaneous lupus (SCLE), and the systemic form of the disease with involvement of the joints or visceral organs (SLE).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Findlay GH, Lups JG. The incidence and pathogenesis of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. An analysis of 191 consecutive cases from the Transvaal. S Afr Med J. 1967;41:694–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tebbe B, Orfanos CE. Epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of skin disease in lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1997;6:96–104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ng PP, Tan SH, Koh ET. Epidemiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a tertiary referral centre in Singapore. Australas J Dermatol. 2000;41:229–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Grönhagen CM, Nyberg F. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: an update. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2014;5:7–13.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Callen JP. Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus: clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and prognostic examination of 62 patients. Arch Dermatol. 1982;118:412–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Deligny C, Clyti E, Sainte Marie D, et al. Incidence of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus in French Guiana: a retrospective population-based study. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:279–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Johnson AE, Gordon C, Palmer RG, et al. The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Birmingham, England. Relationship to ethnicity and country of birth. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:551–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ogunbiyi AO, Daramola OO, Alese OO. Prevalence of skin diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:31–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cherif F, Mebazaa A, Mokni M, et al. Childhood discoid lupus erythematosus: a Tunisian retrospective study of 16 cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003;20:295–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mahfoudh A, Khaled A, Chtourou O, et al. Chronic lupus erythematosus: 104 Tunisian cases. Tunis Med. 2010;88:742–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Deligny C, Marie DS, Clyti E, et al. Pure cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a population of African descent in French Guiana: a restrospective population-based description. Lupus. 2012;21:1467–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Graham RR, Ortmann WA, Langefeld CD, et al. Visualizing human leukocyte antigen class II risk haplotypes in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Hum Genet. 2002;71:543–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Fabbri P, Cardinall C, Giomi B, et al. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Orphanet Encyclopedia, October 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boeckler P, Cosnes A, Frances C, et al. Association of cigarette smoking but not alcohol consumption with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145:1012–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wenzel J, Zahn S, Tüting T. Pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: common and different features in distinct subsets. Lupus. 2010;19:1020–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Jacyk WK, Damisah M. Discoid lupus erythematosus in the Nigerians. Br J Dermatol. 1979;100:131–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Verma SM, Okawa J, Propert KJ, et al. The impact of skin damage due to cutaneous lupus on quality of life. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170:315–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Jacyk WK, Bhana KN. Lupus erythematosus profundus in black South Africans. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45:717–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nozile W, Adgerson CN, Cohen GF. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus in skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14:343–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bertsias G, Cervera R, Boumpas D. Systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and clinical features. In: EULAR textbook on rheumatic diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: European League against Rheumatism; 2012. p. 476–505.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lee HJ, Sinha AA. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: understanding of clinical features, genetic basis, and pathobiology of disease guides therapeutic strategies. Autoimmunity. 2006;39:433–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Word AP, Perese F, Tseng LC, et al. 25-OH vitamin D levels in African American and Caucasian/Hispanic cutaneous lupus subjects. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:372–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Chang AY, Werth VP. Treatment of cutaneous lupus. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011;13:300–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Jewell ML, McCauliffe DP. Patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus who smoke are less responsive to antimalarial treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:983–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Motswaledi MH, Khammissa RA, Wood NH, et al. Discoid lupus erythematosus as it relates to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and to photosensitivity. SADJ. 2011;66:340–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Molomo EM, Bouckaert M, Khammissa RA, et al. Discoid lupus erythematosus-related squamous cell carcinoma of the lip in an HIV-seropositive black male. J Can Res Ther. 2015;11:1036.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Constantin E. Orfanos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Buinsauskaité, E., Orfanos, C.E. (2018). Lupus Erythematosus in Pigmented and Black Skin. In: Orfanos, C., Zouboulis, C., Assaf, C. (eds) Pigmented Ethnic Skin and Imported Dermatoses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69422-1_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69422-1_30

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69421-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69422-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics