Abstract
This chapter surveys the history of Australia’s relations with Japan, from the late nineteenth century until the present. It notes how the Japanese were desirous of a close and mutually advantageous trading relationship with the Australian colonies. With federation in 1901the new federal government in Australia rebuffed Japan’s friendly overtures, preferring to trade with Britain. The 1901 Immigration Restriction Act (the White Australia policy) blocked Japanese attempts to foster closer ties. At the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919, Australia’s Prime Minister Billy Hughes opposed Japanese proposals for administering Germany’s former territories in the Pacific and bitterly attacked Japan’s desire for the new League of Nations to be a bulwark against racism. The subsequent marginalization of Japan led to the horrors (on all sides) of the Pacific War. After the War Japan became one of Australia’s major export markets. Increasingly this instrumental relationship is acquiring a security dimension.
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Notes
- 1.
These articles are the first two of a three-part series by Max Suich (in collaboration with Garry Woodard) published in The Weekend Australian in the middle of 2012 (Suich 2012a, b, c).The series constitutes a rare example of a wonderfully successful marriage between sound scholarship and first-rate journalism.
- 2.
In his novel The Narrow Road to the Deep North, Richard Flanagan (2013) has provided perhaps the most rounded Australian account yet of the interactions between the Australians and the Japanese during the Pacific War.
- 3.
The distinction alluded to here is drawn from Michael Oakeshott’s account of ‘utilitarian’ versus ‘dramatic’ friendship. He writes: ‘A friend is not somebody one trusts to behave in a certain manner, who supplies certain wants, who has certain useful abilities, who possesses certain merely agreeable qualities, or who holds certain acceptable opinions; he is somebody who engages the imagination, who excites contemplation, who provokes interest, sympathy, delight and loyalty simply on account of the relationship entered into. […] The relationship of friend to friend is dramatic, not utilitarian’ (Oakeshott 1991, p. 417).
- 4.
In accordance with imperial Japanese tradition, following his death Emperor Mutsuhito’s reign (1867–1912) was named MeijiIshin – the Meiji Era, or ‘era of enlightened government.’ Because of the dramatic pace and comprehensive reach of the modernizations that occurred in this period, historians have also labelled it the ‘Meiji Revolution’ (Beasley 1972, ch. XIII).
- 5.
The genro– aristocratic classes.
- 6.
Isaac Isaacs, the Federal Member for Indi from 1901 to 1906, went to the High Court in 1907 and was knighted in 1928. He became the first Australian-born Governor-General (1930–1936).
- 7.
Though officially second in charge of the Japanese delegation, Makino (an exemplar of a Meiji modernizer) was in effect the leader (Shimazu 1998, pp. 15–16).
- 8.
John Howard echoed these very sentiments in his 2001 election campaign speech when referring to asylum seekers: ‘we will decide who comes to this country and the circumstances in which they come’ (Howard 2001).
- 9.
MacMahon Ball resigned from the University of Melbourne to join the ACJ in Tokyo. Later he returned to the University to take up the Foundation Chair of Political Science (Kobayashi 2013, p. 81).
- 10.
Professor of Economics and Director of the Research School of Pacific Studies, ANU, 1960–67; Vice-Chancellor, 1968–73; Chancellor, 1976–84. Prior to his academic appointments Crawford had had a distinguished career in the Australian public service.
- 11.
The judgement is available at www.icj. www.cij.org/docket/files143/18136.pdf
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Patience, A. (2018). Japan: ‘Australia’s Best Friend in Asia’?. In: Australian Foreign Policy in Asia . Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69347-7_5
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