Abstract
In Sect. 2.2, I introduced a method for extracting lateral work function differences across the surface of layered two-dimensional heterostructures The analysis techniques developed in Sect. 2.2 are applied to reflectivity of CVD-grown WSe2 crystals formed on epitaxial graphene in Chap. 4, and the resulting work function differences are used to determine the change in band alignment of the WSe2 and graphene layers due to charge transfer in the following sections. In this chapter, I address the utility of low-energy electron potentiometry, that is, using LEER to extract work function differences and hence the variation in electrostatic potential on surfaces, to examine 2D materials from a materials characterization standpoint.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
S. Vishwanath, X. Liu, S. Rouvimov, P.C. Mende, A. Azcatl, S. McDonnell, R.M. Wallace, R.M. Feenstra, J.K. Furdyna, D. Jena, H.G. Xing, Comprehensive structural and optical characterization of MBE grown MoSe2 on graphite, CaF2 and graphene. 2D Mater. 2(2), 024007 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/2/2/024007
J.A. Robinson, M. Hollander, M. LaBella III, K.A. Trumbull, R. Cavalero, D.W. Snyder, Epitaxial graphene transistors: enhancing performance via hydrogen intercalation. Nano Lett. 11(9), 3875–3880 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl2019855.
M.J. Hollander, A. Agrawal, M.S. Bresnehan, M. LaBella, K.A. Trumbull, R. Cavalero, D.W. Snyder, S. Datta, J.A. Robinson, Heterogeneous integration of hexagonal boron nitride on bilayer quasi-free-standing epitaxial graphene and its impact on electrical transport properties. Phys. Status Solidi A 210(6), 1062–1070 (2013). ISSN 1862–6319. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201228683
Y.-J. Yu, Y. Zhao, S. Ryu, L.E. Brus, K.S. Kim, P. Kim, Tuning the graphene work function by electric field effect. Nano Lett. 9(10), 3430–3434 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901572a
S.M. Song, J.K. Park, O.J. Sul, B.J. Cho, Determination of work function of graphene under a metal electrode and its role in contact resistance. Nano Lett. 12(8), 3887–3892 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl300266p
J.-H. Kim, J.H. Hwang, J. Suh, S. Tongay, S. Kwon, C.C. Hwang, J. Wu, J. Young Park, Work function engineering of single layer graphene by irradiation-induced defects. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(17), 171604 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4826642
J. Kang, S. Tongay, J. Zhou, J. Li, J. Wu, Band offsets and heterostructures of two-dimensional semiconductors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(1), 012111 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4774090
H. Liu, L. Jiao, F. Yang, Y. Cai, X. Wu, W. Ho, C. Gao, J. Jia, N. Wang, H. Fan, W. Yao, M. Xie, Dense network of one-dimensional midgap metallic modes in monolayer MoSe2 and their spatial undulations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 066105 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.066105.
O. Lehtinen, H.-P. Komsa, A. Pulkin, M.B. Whitwick, M.-W. Chen, T. Lehnert, M.J. Mohn, O.V. Yazyev, A. Kis, U. Kaiser, A.V. Krasheninnikov, Atomic scale microstructure and properties of Se-deficient two-dimensional MoSe2. ACS Nano 9(3), 3274–3283 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b00410
H.C. Diaz, Y. Ma, R. Chaghi, M. Batzill, High density of (pseudo) periodic twin-grain boundaries in molecular beam epitaxy-grown van der waals heterostructure: MoTe2/MoS2. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(19), 191606 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4949559
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de la Barrera, S.C. (2017). Application of Work Function Extraction Method to Material Characterization. In: Layered Two-Dimensional Heterostructures and Their Tunneling Characteristics. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69257-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69257-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69256-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69257-9
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)