Chapter 6 Echoing Modernities: Modern Globalisation and the Manila Musicians

yamomo, meLê

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69176-3_8

meLê yamomo⁵

Part of the book series: Transnational Theatre Histories ((TTH))

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Abstract

This chapter surveys the migrations of Manila musicians in different Asian cities in the final quarter of the nineteenth century and the early-twentieth century. The chapter pieces together biographies, articles from historical newspapers, and surviving archival documents to survey the movement of acoustic modernities through the migration of sounds and ideas instigated by the migrant Manila musicians in the Asia Pacific region.

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Notes

1.
High school history books employing this theory are still being used, such as: Zaide, Sonia M. The Philippines: A Unique Nation (Second Ed./Philippine Centennial Ed.) (Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing, 1999).
2.
Joaquin L. Gonzalez III . Philippine Labour Migration: Critical Dimensions of Public Policy (Singapore: Institute of Sooutheast Asian Studies, 1998), 25–36.
3.
Wang Gungwu posits a view where everyone in Southeast Asians ‘except for a small number of aboriginal tribes—and there was a rigid definition of aborigines—had come from outside the region’. See: Wang Gungwu, Global History and Migration (Colorado: Westview Press, 1997), 3.
4.
Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr., Routes to Modernity: Philippine Labor Migration in the Age of Empire, ed. Maria Dolores Elizalde and Josep M. Delgado, Filipinas, Un País Entre Dos Imperios (Barcelona: Ed. Bellatera, 2011), 88.
5.
Ibid.
6.
Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr., “Global Migrations, Old Forms of Labor, and New Transborder Class Relations,” Southeast Asia Studies 41, no. 2 (2003): 142.
7.
Ibid.
8.
Aguilar Jr., “Routes to Modernity: Philippine Labor Migration in the Age of Empire,” 88.
9.
Irving, D. R. M. Colonial Counterpoint: Music Early Modern Manila (Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010), 111–112.
10.
Ibid., 122. Irving pointed out that parishes were given four to eight tribute-free positions allotted for the hiring of indigenous musicians.
11.
Ibid., 59. From Horacio de la Costa, The Jesuits in the Philippines, 1581–1768 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961).
12.
Ibid., 60.
13.
Ibid., 62.
14.
Ibid., 63.
15.
E. Arsenio Manuel, Dictionary of Philippine Biographies, vol. 1, 166–171.
16.
See: Lilia Hernandez Chung, Jovita Fuentes: A Lifetime of Music (Quezon City: Vera-Reyes, Inc., 1978).
17.
Joseph Earle Stevens, Yesterdays in the Philippines: An Ex-Resident of Manila (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1898), 31.
18.
See: Floro L. Mercene , Manila Men in the New World: Filipino Migration to Mexico and the Americas from the Sixteenth Century (Quezon City: University of the Phillipines Press, 2007).
19.
The Daily Advertiser (Singapore, 29 August 1892).
20.
The Daily Advertiser (Singapore, 8 October 1892).
21.
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Singapore, 19 November 1892).
22.
National Archive of the Philippines (NAP)-SDS14455 – Pasaportes Españoles y Filipinos 1830–1898; SDS14457 – Pasaportes.
23.
NAP – Pasageros Llegadas, 1892–1893: SDS3149-S91.
24.
From the report of the Manila Superintendent, Juan Manuel de la Matta.(Manila, February 25, 1843) in Blair and Robertson , Blair, Robertson 1905 – The Philippine Islands 149, vol. 52.
25.
NAP – SDS3149-S451.
26.
NAP – SDS3149-S100-102; In the nineteenth century, there were two gobernadorcillos of Manila. One governs mestizos and another for naturales (natives).
27.
NAP – SDS3149-S103-104.
28.
For example: here is the original Spanish text from the approval of application document given to Doroteo Javier:
“En cumplimiento a lo ordenado por VE en su respetable escrito de 7 actual, tengo el honor de informar que en esta comandancia no existe inconveniente en que se el conceda pasaporte para Sarawack (Borneo) al indigena Doroteo Javier vecino de la calle de Cervantes segueinte solicitado del Excmo. Señor Gobernador General de estas Yslas y que el objeto de su marcha es para formar parte de una banda de musica que hay en aquella isla a la que ya pertenecen alguna na turales de este pais.”
29.
NAP – SDS3149-S502-547.
30.
De Sumatra Post (Medan, 7 February 1899), 9.
31.
De Sumatra Post (Medan, 11 November, 1899), 1.
32.
Ibid.
33.
Matusky , Patricia, and James Chopyak, “Peninsular Malaysia,” in The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 4: Southeast Asia (New York: Garland, 1998), 440.
34.
Lee William Watkins, “Minstrelsy in the Margin: Re-Covering the Memories and Lives of Filipino Musicians in Hong Kong” (University of Hong Kong, 2004), 14.
35.
Gabriel Beato Francisco, “Ang Mga Pilipinong Nagsidayo Sa Kotsintsina,” in Sa Labas Ng Tahanan at Sa Lilim Ng Ibang Langit (Manila: Limb. ng “La Vanguardia” at “Taliba”, 1916).
36.
Gabriel Beato Francisco, Casaysayan Nang Bayan Nang Sampaloc (Manila: Imprenta de Santa Cruz, 1890), 82–83.
37.
Gabriel Beato Francisco, “Ang Mga Pilipinong Nagsidayo Sa Kotsintsina.”
38.
Circopedia, “Giuseppe Chiarini,” last modified 2011, accessed January 10, 2011. This is the only source available at the moment, more research is needed to find and verify this data.
39.
Music stores across Southeast Asia advertise different piano brands and most offer instalment plans.
40.
The National Archive of Vietnam Center No.1-RST.
41.
Robert Bickers, “The Greatest Cultural Asset East of Suez’: The History and Politics of the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra and Public, 1881–1946,” in 二十世纪的中国与世界 (China and the World in the Twentieth Century), ed. Chi-hsiung Chang, vol. II (Taibei: Institute of Modem History, Academia Sinica, 2001), 841–842. Cited from The Shanghai Evening Courier, (Shanghai, 23 July 1872), 681.
42.
Ibid., 843.
43.
Ibid.
44.
La Oceañia Española (Manila, 11 July 1882).
45.
Ibid., 845.
46.
Ibid., 846.
47.
Ibid., 843–844.
48.
Ibid., 848., as quoted from the Shanghai Municipal Council Annual Report 1906, p. 200.
49.
Ibid., 849.
50.
Ibid., 850–851.
51.
Ibid., 861.
52.
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Singapore, 19 November 1892).
53.
Ibid.
54.
Ibid.
55.
Ibid.
56.
The Daily Advertiser (Singapore, 6 December 1892).
57.
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Singapore, 19 November 1892).
58.
NAP-SDS3148-S16.
59.
NAP-SDS3149-S537.
60.
NAP-SDS3149-S502.
61.
The Singapore Free Press, (Singapore, 20 May 1895).
62.
The Singapore Free Press (Singapore, 31 May 1895).
63.
It is important to note during this time, as part of the product diversification scheme of the Spanish colonial government, tobacco was started as a Philippine industry, which led to its becoming the primary supplier of first-class tobacco around the world. The Dutch, finding the lucrativeness of growing tobaccos, started their own farm in the Netherlands Indies and imported tobacco workers from Manila into Java.
64.
Mid-day Herald (Singapore, 20 August 1895).
65.
Mid-day Herald (Singapore, 27 November 1895).
66.
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (19 December 1895).
67.
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (25 September 1895).
68.
Jason Gibbs, “Nhac Tien Chien: The Origins of Vietnamese Popular Song.” Things Asian, last modified 1998.
69.
Millie Gonzalez Martelino, The Forgotten Maestro: Juan de Sahagun Hernandez (Virginia: Mind and Heart Books, 2010), 9.
70.
Stephanie Sooklynn Ng, Filipino Bands Performing in Hotels, Clubs and Restaurants in Asia: Purveyors of Transnational Culture in a Global Arena (University of Michigan, 2006), 47. Cited from: Joshua Shi, “Jazzing It Up and Down”. Shanghai Star. 29 March 2001. China Daily.
71.
Ibid.
72.
Ibid. cited from Music Makers, 20 June 1947.
73.
Lee William Watkins, “Minstrelsy in the Margin: Re-Covering the Memories and Lives of Filipino Musicians in Hong Kong” (University of Hong Kong, 2004), 15. Cited from: H. Ng, 1993. “Songstresses of the World.” Hong Kong: Hong Kong Film Archive. [Booklet 9, issued for the 17th Hong Kong International Film Festival (8 April 1993–23 April 1993) with the theme of ‘Mandarin Films and Popular Songs’], 24–25.
74.
黃奇智(Wong Kee Chee), The Age of Shanghainese Pops 1930–1970 (Hong Kong: Joint Publishing, 2001).
See also: Watkins , “Minstrelsy in the Margin: Re-Covering the Memories and Lives of Filipino Musicians in Hong Kong,” 15.
75.
Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr., “Global Migrations, Old Forms of Labor, and New Transborder Class Relations,” Southeast Asia Studies 41, no. 2 (2003): 138.
76.
Ibid.
77.
Wong , J-S. J. 2003. “The Rise and Decline of Canto-pop: A Study of Hong Kong Popular Music (1949–1997).” Ph D diss., University of Hong Kong, 47–50 Quoted and translated in Watkins, “Minstrelsy in the Margin: Re-Covering the Memories and Lives of Filipino Musicians in Hong Kong,” 16.
78.
See: Saskia Sassen, The Mobility of Labor and Capital: A Study in International Investment and Labor Flow (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
79.
Ryan Bishop, John Phillips, and Wei-wei Yeo, ‘Perpetuating Cities: Excepting Globalization and the Southeast Asia Supplement’, in Postcolonial Urbanism: Southeast Asian Cities and Global Processes, ed. Ryan Bishop, John Phillips, and Wei-Wei Yeo (New York/London: Routledge, 2003), 9–10.

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Stevens, Joseph Earle. 1898. Yesterdays in the Philippines. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
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University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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yamomo, m. (2018). Chapter 6 Echoing Modernities: Modern Globalisation and the Manila Musicians. In: Theatre and Music in Manila and the Asia Pacific, 1869-1946. Transnational Theatre Histories. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69176-3_8

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69176-3_8
Published: 21 July 2018
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69175-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69176-3
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