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The Structure and Function of the Yeast Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane and Periplasm

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Brewing and Distilling Yeasts

Part of the book series: The Yeast Handbook ((YEASTHDB))

Abstract

The exterior of each yeast cell consists of a distinct wall and a plasma membrane with a space (the periplasm) in between the two. The cell wall is a dynamic organelle that determines the cell shape and integrity of the organism during growth and cell division. It provides the cell with mechanical strength in order to withstand changes in osmotic pressure imposed by the environment and other stresses. The chemical composition and structural aspects of the S. cerevisiae cell have been known for some time. The plasma membrane of yeast cells (specifically Saccharomyces spp.) forms the barrier between the cytoplasm and the cell wall. The plasma membrane consists principally of lipids and protein in approximately equal proportions. As a result of the large number of functions that it performs, most of the membrane proteins are functional and not structural. It has several distinct roles: a barrier to the free diffusion of solutes, catalyse specific change reactions, store energy as transmembrane ions and solute gradients, regulate the rate of energy dissipation, provide sites to bind specific molecules for catabolic signalling pathways and provide sites of enzyme pathways involved in the biosynthesis of cell components. The periplasm is not a continuous space because of interrupting invaginations in the plasma membrane and irregularities in the inner surface of the cell wall. The periplasm is not an organelle as such. It is the location where a number of important yeast enzymes are located and active.

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  1. International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

    Graham G. Stewart

  2. GGStewart Associates, Cardiff, Wales, UK

    Graham G. Stewart

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Stewart, G.G. (2017). The Structure and Function of the Yeast Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane and Periplasm. In: Brewing and Distilling Yeasts. The Yeast Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69126-8_5

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