Skip to main content

Technology Roadmap: Google’s Eco-friendly Mobile Phones

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Infrastructure and Technology Management

Part of the book series: Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management ((ITKM))

  • 1889 Accesses

Abstract

By the increased use of smartphone on day-to-day life, there is a huge impact on the environment because of the non-environmentally friendly production process, carbon emission, the use of toxic material, recycled process, and e-waste. For the success of making an eco-friendly phone, this paper helps in enlightening the need for technology developments and constructing the roadmap for the pioneer of eco-friendly phone. This paper first uses SWOT as a tool to analyze Google’s internal and external issues, and then a list of 9 market drivers and 14 product features are presented and used to develop the driver-product feature rankings. According to the ranking, technology benchmarking and resource allocation are presented. A final technology roadmap of developing a Google eco-friendly phone of the three timelines is provided at the end.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Goodwin, R. (2017). The history of mobile phones from 1973 to 2008: The handsets that made it all happen. Know Your Mobile. [Online]. Available: http://www.knowyourmobile.com/nokia/nokia-3310/19848/history-mobile-phones-1973-2008-handsets-made-it-all-happen. 06 Mar 2017.

  2. Blog. The history and evolution of cell phones. [Online]. Available: https://www.artinstitutes.edu/about/blog/the-history-and-evolution-of-cell-phones

  3. Hur, J. History of mobile cell phones | The first cell phone to present time. History of Mobile Cell Phones | The First Phone To Present Time. [Online]. Available: http://bebusinessed.com/history/history-cell-phones/. 09 Feb 2017.

  4. Staff, W. P. The history of the mobile phone. The Washington Post. [Online]. Available: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/09/09/the-history-of-the-mobile-phone/. 09 Sep 2014.

  5. T. Important moments in mobile Phone History. Important Moments In Mobile Phone History. [Online]. Available: http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/151269/Important-Moments-In-Mobile-Phone-History/#vars!panel=1470939!

  6. Rao, V. S., & Murali Krishna, T. (2014). A Design of Mobile Health for Android Applications. American Journal of Engineering Research, 3, 20–29.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Oppenheim, L. The Secret Life of Cell Phones. TreeHugger. [Online]. Available: http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/the-secret-life-of-cell-phones.html. 01 May 2017.

  8. Cell phones all contain toxics: Older ones the most. ENS. [Online]. Available: http://ens-newswire.com/2012/10/11/cell-phones-all-contain-toxics-older-ones-the-most/.

  9. Centindamar, D., Daim, T. U., Beyhan, B., Başoğlu, N. , & Beyhan, B. Strategic planning decisions in the high tech industry.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Garcia, M., & Bray, O. (1997) Fundamentals of technology roadmapping.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ronan, S. Why you need a strategic IT roadmap. CIO. [Online]. Available: http://www.cio.com/article/2889361/it-strategy/why-you-need-a-strategic-it-roadmap.html. 02 Mar 2015.

  12. Strategic technology roadmapping. Develop & visualise your strategic technology roadmap quickly – Roelto. [Online]. Available: http://roelto.com/strategic-technology-roadmapping/

  13. Phaal, R. 2015 Roadmapping for strategy and innovation. IEE Seminar on justifying and selecting innovation projects.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bhasin, H. SWOT analysis of android–android SWOT analysis. Marketing 91. [Online]. Available: http://www.marketing91.com/android-swot-analysis/. 29 Nov 2016.

  15. Latif, M., Hassan, M., Latif, A., Rasheed, I., & Yousaf, U. (2014) The financial performance analysis of Google Inc. V/S industry technology. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(17), 103–109.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Liquidity ratios. Financial analysis and accounting book of reference: Statement of financial position | IFRS Statements | IFRS Reports | ReadyRatios.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.readyratios.com/reference/liquidity/

  17. Regalado, A. Despite anti-patent rhetoric, Google ramps up its own filings. MIT Technology Review. [Online]. Available: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/521946/googles-growing-patent-stockpile/. 30 Nov 2013.

  18. Hackett, R. The tech companies with the most patents in 2014. The tech companies with the most patents in 2014 | Fortune.com. [Online]. Available: http://fortune.com/2015/02/24/most-patents-companies-2014/. 24 Feb 2015.

  19. Nordrum, A. Which company earned the most US patents in 2015?. International Business Times. [Online]. Available: http://www.ibtimes.com/which-company-earned-most-us-patents-2015-2262346. 13 Jan 2016.

  20. History of the nexus family. Android Authority. [Online]. Available: http://www.androidauthority.com/history-nexus-smartphone-line-536352/. 24 Feb 2015.

  21. Pasternack, A. The environmental costs (and benefits) of our cell phones. TreeHugger. [Online]. Available: http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/the-environmental-costs-and-benefits-of-our-cell-phones.html. 01 May 2017.

  22. Ara. Google. [Online]. Available: https://atap.google.com/ara/

  23. Bohn, D. Google’s project Ara is about more than just modular phones. The Verge [Online]. Available: http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/24/11748428/google-project-ara-modular-phones-iot-store. 24 May 2016.

  24. Statt, N. Google confirms the end of its modular project Ara smartphone. The Verge [Online]. Available: http://www.theverge.com/2016/9/2/12775922/google-project-ara-modular-phone-suspended-confirm. 02 Sep 2016.

  25. Smartphone users worldwide will total 1.75 billion in 2014. eMarketer [Online]. Available: https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Smartphone-Users-Worldwide-Will-Total-175-Billion-2014/1010536#sthash.30BLENiP.dpuf. 16 Jan 2014.

  26. Boxall, A. The number of smartphone users in the world is expected to reach a giant 6.1 billion by 2020. Digital Trends. [Online]. Available: http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/smartphone-users-number-6-1-billion-by-2020/. 03 Jun 2015.

  27. Lunden, I. 6.1B smartphone users globally by 2020, overtaking basic fixed phone subscriptions. TechCrunch. [Online]. Available: https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/02/6-1b-smartphone-users-globally-by-2020-overtaking-basic-fixed-phone-subscriptions/. 02 Jun 2015.

  28. Hill, S. Will project Ara work? The good and bad of Google’s plan to turn phones into Legos. Digital Trends. [Online]. Available: http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/heres-project-ara-needs-overcome-succeed/#/2. 25 Apr 2014.

  29. A. Apple is a global company in the field of innovation and electronics. Home. [Online]. Available: http://www.researchwriting.education/index.php/component/k2/item/1461-apple-is-a-global-company-in-the-field-of-innovation-and-electronics

  30. Raymundo, O. Why Google can’t truly compete against Apple without retail stores. Macworld. [Online]. Available: http://www.macworld.com/article/3127611/hardware/why-google-cant-truly-compete-against-apple-without-retail-stores.html. 05 Oct 2016.

  31. Joe Mullin–Sep 30, 2015 9:38 pm UTC, Google and Microsoft end all patent litigation. Ars Technica. [Online]. Available: http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/09/google-and-microsoft-end-all-patent-litigation/. 30 Sep 2015.

  32. Understanding market drivers. http://wvprime.org/resources/understanding-market-drivers/

  33. Cohen, S. The growing level of environmental awareness. The Huffington Post. [Online]. Available: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-cohen/the-growing-level-of-envi_b_6390054.html. 29 Dec 2014.

  34. Practicing sustainability with mobile device trade-in programs. http://blog.hylamobile.com/practicing-sustainability-with-mobile-device-trade-in-programs

  35. Our mission and what we do. EPA. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/our-mission-and-what-we-do. 28 Mar 2017.

  36. 2015 Samsung electronics sustainability report. [Online]. Available: http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/download/2015/samsung%20sustainability%20report%202015_eng%20-%20environment.pdf

  37. Ram Nidumolu, Prahalad, C.K., & Rangaswami, M.R. Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation. Harvard Business Review. [Online]. Available: https://hbr.org/2009/09/why-sustainability-is-now-the-key-driver-of-innovation#comment-section. 31 Jul 2014.

  38. Tech-styles: Are consumers really interested in wearing tech on their sleeves?. What People Watch, Listen To and Buy. [Online]. Available: http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2014/tech-styles-are-consumers-really-interested-in-wearing-tech-on-their-sleeves.html

  39. iHealth: How consumers are using tech to stay healthy. What People Watch, Listen To and Buy. [Online]. Available: http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2014/ihealth-how-consumers-are-using-tech-to-stay-healthy.html

  40. Should you consolidate all your technology into one device?. HowStuffWorks. [Online]. Available: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/consolidate-technology-device.htm. 23 Apr 2009.

  41. Making manufacturing processes eco-friendly. Chron.com. [Online]. Available: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/making-manufacturing-processes-ecofriendly-38937.html

  42. ValpoScholar. Site. [Online]. Available: http://scholar.valpo.edu/cba_fac_pub/15/

  43. N. 7 startups looking to improve cell phone battery life. Nanalyze 02-May-2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.nanalyze.com/2016/07/7-startups-improving-smartphone-battery-life/. Accessed 26 May 2017.

  44. T. D. K. Electronics, Industry market trends. Industry News. [Online]. Available: http://news.thomasnet.com/imt/2014/05/21/oleds-illuminate-the-future-of-lighting-and-displays. 21 May 2014.

  45. S. Future of OLEDs: A road map from technology to market. Scientifist [Online]. Available: http://scientifist.com/future-oleds-technology-market/. 04 Mar 2017.

  46. Katie Collins April 10, 2017 4:14 AM PDT @katiecollins, Google reportedly investing $880M in LG OLED for Pixel phones. CNET. [Online]. Available: https://www.cnet.com/news/google-reportedly-investing-880m-in-lg-oled-for-pixel-phones/. 10 Apr 2017.

  47. Lowensohn, J. Here’s what your project Ara phone could look like as a health tracker. The Verge [Online]. Available: http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7868915/project-ara-lapka-health-sensor-concept. 21 Jan 2015.

  48. Times, T. PuzzlePhone vs. fairphone 2 vs. project Ara: Which modular smartphone should you look forward to?. Tech Times. [Online]. Available: http://www.techtimes.com/articles/103040/20151106/puzzlephone-vs-fairphone-2-vs-project-ara-which-modular-smartphone-should-you-look-forward-to.htm. 06 Nov 2015.

  49. Lannucci, L. Green apps can raise environmental awareness. The Poughkeepsie Journal. [Online]. Available: http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/tech/science/environment/2015/10/17/environment-green-apps/73980938/. 17 Oct 2015.

  50. 5 Ideas for environmentally friendly packaging. JohnsByrne. [Online]. Available: http://www.johnsbyrne.com/blog/5-ideas-environmentally-friendly-packaging/. 12 May 2017.

  51. Samsung applies advanced, eco-friendly packaging to the galaxy series. Samsung Global Newsroom. [Online]. Available: https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-applies-advanced-eco-friendly-packaging-to-the-galaxy-series

  52. What’s next: Eco friendly cellphones made using green materials. Ecofriend. [Online]. Available: http://www.ecofriend.com/eco-friendly-cellphones-green-materials.html. 02 Aug 2012.

  53. State of wireless charging–The present and the future. ChargeSpot 07-Feb-2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.chargespot.com/news/state-of-wireless-charging-the-present-and-the-future/. Accessed 26 May 2017].

  54. Kharif, O. Phone dead? These companies want to charge it from a distance. Bloomberg.com. [Online]. Available: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-23/phone-dead-these-companies-want-to-charge-it-from-a-distance. 23 Sep 2016.

  55. Home. Electronics Take Back Coalition. [Online]. Available: http://www.electronicstakeback.com/toxics-in-electronics/flame-retardants-pvc-and-electronics/.

  56. P. M. R. P. Ltd. Future of global mobile health monitoring market 2016–2026. Medgadget. [Online]. Available: https://www.medgadget.com/2017/01/future-of-global-mobile-health-monitoring-market-2016-2026.html. 14 Jan 2017.

  57. Bourzac, K. New electronic skin patch is powered by a cell phone. MIT Technology Review. [Online]. Available: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602067/a-health-monitoring-sticker-powered-by-your-cell-phone/. 03 Aug 2016.

  58. How hemp plastic can replace plastic products that have a negative impact on the environment. Natural.News – Natural Health News & Self-Reliance. [Online]. Available: http://natural.news/2016-05-17-how-hemp-plastic-can-replace-plastic-products-that-have-a-negative-impact-on-the-environment.html

  59. Price, D. 40 amazing features we could see in future iPhones. Macworld UK. [Online]. Available: http://www.macworld.co.uk/feature/iphone/iphone-9-latest-rumours-release-date-uk-price-features-specs-3646340/. 25 May 2017.

  60. Caddy, B. Why our phones still aren’t powered by the sun TechRadar. [Online]. Available: http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/why-our-phones-still-aren-t-powered-by-the-sun-1329646. 30 Sep 2016.

  61. McDougall, P. Where’s my solar-powered phone?. Scientific American. [Online]. Available: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/where-s-my-solar-powered-phone/. 23 May 2016.

  62. Jessica Dolcourt January 15, 2017 6:00 AM PST @jdolcourt. Future phones could bend and fold like this. CNET. [Online]. Available: https://www.cnet.com/news/bendable-and-foldable-phones-will-break-us-from-the-smartphone-rut/. 15 Jan 2017.

  63. B. Mayo and Benjamin Mayo @bzamayo Benjamin develops iOS apps professionally and covers Apple news and rumors for 9to5Mac. Listen to Benjamin, every week, on the Happy Hour podcast., Apple considering flexible LCD Japan Display tech for ‘possible future’ iPhones. 9to5Mac. [Online]. Available: https://9to5mac.com/2017/01/25/bendable-iphone-future-flexible-lcd/. 25 Jan 2017.

  64. Compare The Google Pixel vs These Phones. Phonerated.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.phonerated.com/compare_phones_using_google_pixel_versus_huawei_mate_9_porsche_design_versus_iphone_7_versus_samsung_galaxy_s8

  65. Most-complete Google Pixel Specs. Phonerated.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.phonerated.com/specs-google_pixel

  66. Complete Samsung Galaxy S8 Specs Phonerated.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.phonerated.com/specs-samsung_galaxy_s8

  67. Most-detailed iPhone 7 Specs, Phonerated.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.phonerated.com/specs-iphone_7

  68. Most-complete Huawei Mate 9 Porsche Design Specs. Phonerated.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.phonerated.com/specs-huawei_mate_9_porsche_design

  69. P. S. Difference Between. Difference between similar terms and objects [Online]. Available: http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-amoled-and-super-amoled/. 23 Aug 2011.

  70. iPhone 7 Plus Environmental Report. vol. 9, no. 11, Sep. Available at https://images.apple.com/environment/pdf/products/iphone/iPhone_7_Plus_PER_sept2016.pdf.

  71. Home. Huawei product environmental information – Huawei support – Huawei official site. [Online]. Available: http://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/product-environmental-information/index.htm

  72. University of Minnesota. [Online]. http://csp.umn.edu/

Download references

Acknowledgments

The initial data collection and analysis were done by Abhishek Jain, Kshiti Shah, and Paweena Kongsansatean.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tugrul U. Daim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dai, X., Daim, T.U. (2018). Technology Roadmap: Google’s Eco-friendly Mobile Phones. In: Daim, T., Chan, L., Estep, J. (eds) Infrastructure and Technology Management. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68987-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics