The Geology and Evolution of the Angolan Shield, Congo Craton

Jelsma, Hielke A.; McCourt, Steve; Perritt, Samantha H.; Armstrong, Richard A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68920-3_9

Hielke A. Jelsma⁸,
Steve McCourt⁹,
Samantha H. Perritt¹⁰ &
…
Richard A. Armstrong¹¹

Part of the book series: Regional Geology Reviews ((RGR))

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Abstract

New U–Pb zircon SHRIMP ages are presented and used together with published age and geochemical data and geological observations to review the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Angolan Shield of Central Africa. The shield comprises at least three main crustal tectonic domains: the Central Shield Zone in the east and the Central Eburnean Zone and Lubango Zone in the west. The latter extends south into Namibia as the Epupa Metamorphic Complex and further south is exposed in the Kamanjab and Grootfontein inliers. The magmatic events associated with these tectonic domains have been attributed to the formation of a system of arcs that developed along the active western and southern continental margins of the Congo Craton, with peak magmatic events at 2.0–1.96 Ga (Eburnean Event), 1.88–1.83 Ga (Kamanjab-Bangweulu Event) and 1.80–1.77 Ga (Epupa Event). Along the western continental margin, precise age data confirms the presence of Eburnean granitoids from the Huambo-Andulo region in Angola south to the Kamanjab-Grootfontein region in NW Namibia, a distance of over 1000 km. Geochronology and isotope geochemistry indicates that Neoarchaean crust was involved in the formation of these granitoids. Field relations indicate that this ~2.0 Ga granitic crust was metamorphosed and deformed during orogeny at 1967 Ma. Along the southern continental margin within the Kamanjab Inlier a second magmatic event is documented at c. 1.84 Ga, with inherited grains suggesting the involvement of older crust with a similar age to that exposed in SW Angola and in the nearby Grootfontein-Tsumkwe Inlier. This event may be related to magmatism within the basement to the Lufilian Arc and Bangweulu Block. In the Epupa Metamorphic Complex a third magmatic event is documented at c. 1.77 Ga. It is likely that additional events will be recognized with further high precision geochronology, as is observed for instance along the Andean continental margin which has been periodically active at least since the early Paleozoic.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Charles Skinner of De Beers Exploration for his support of research on the geology of Angola and Gleuber Alves, Heraldo Ferreira and Josinaldo Souza for support during the field surveys. Bert de Waele is thanked for reviewing the manuscript and Siegfried Siegesmund for editorial handling.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anglo American Group Discovery and Geosciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
Hielke A. Jelsma
Geological Sciences, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Steve McCourt
De Beers Exploration, Johannesburg, South Africa
Samantha H. Perritt
Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Richard A. Armstrong

Authors

Hielke A. Jelsma
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Steve McCourt
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Samantha H. Perritt
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Richard A. Armstrong
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Correspondence to Hielke A. Jelsma .

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Editors and Affiliations

GZG—Structural Geology and Geodynamics University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Siegfried Siegesmund
Geosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Miguel A. S. Basei
Departamento de Geodinámica Interna, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Pedro Oyhantçabal
GZG—Structural Geology and Geodynamics University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Sebastian Oriolo

Appendix 9.1

SHRIMP zircon U–Th–Pb isotopic compositions and age data

Grain.spot	% ²⁰⁶Pb_c	ppm U	ppm Th	²³²Th/²³⁸U	ppm ²⁰⁶Pb*	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age^a		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age^a		% discordant
CVZ605
1.1	0.12	128	95	0.77	37.6	1894	±19	1961	±12	3
2.1	0.00	440	187	0.44	132	1934	±17	1972	±7.1	2
3.1	0.04	226	149	0.68	70.7	2002	±19	1961.6	±7.4	−2
4.1	0.00	110	101	0.95	34.1	1987	±20	1970	±10	−1
5.1	0.00	847	358	0.44	245	1874	±17	1964.7	±4.3	5
6.1	1.29	123	91	0.76	35.2	1829	±18	1976	±35	7
7.1	0.03	559	277	0.51	165	1902	±17	1964.1	±4.7	3
8.1	0.01	921	366	0.41	241	1712	±15	1942.9	±3.8	12
9.1	0.05	125	72	0.59	35.7	1851	±18	1965.6	±9.9	6
10.1	0.20	131	142	1.12	39.3	1931	±19	1965	±12	2
11.1	0.04	291	117	0.41	88.5	1951	±18	1962.4	±6.7	1
12.1	0.00	1041	450	0.45	285	1783	±16	1949.4	±3.6	9
13.1	0.03	213	139	0.67	63.8	1923	±18	1977.6	±7.9	3
14.1	0.03	954	454	0.49	210	1472	±13	1889	±5.3	22
15.1	–	483	173	0.37	136	1825	±17	1966.7	±6.3	7
16.1	0.00	1077	422	0.40	274	1674	±15	1937.4	±8.5	14
17.1	0.00	644	331	0.53	186	1866	±17	1962	±6.1	5
19.1	0.01	989	300	0.31	291	1897	±17	1965	±4.4	3
19.2	1.38	115	77	0.69	34	1883	±20	1979	±32	5
18.1	0.02	666	279	0.43	199	1926	±17	1966.3	±5.3	2
20.1	0.00	120	60	0.51	30.3	1655	±18	1968	±19	16
21.1	0.02	799	382	0.49	241	1941	±17	1965.5	±4.7	1
CVZ606
1.1	0.18	125	113	0.93	39.8	2029	±22	1985	±15	−2
1.2	0.01	535	204	0.39	164	1964	±18	1968.3	±5.9	0
2.1	0.00	321	132	0.43	97.7	1956	±18	1966.5	±7.4	1
3.1	0.20	78	55	0.73	18.3	1556	±19	1888	±19	18
4.1	0.00	76	58	0.78	24	2013	±23	1954	±15	−3
5.1	0.02	207	124	0.62	64.1	1983	±20	1974	±13	0
6.1	0.00	76	65	0.89	22.9	1940	±23	1973	±15	2
7.1	0.02	1192	520	0.45	280	1559	±14	1912.8	±4.3	18
8.1	0.00	71	60	0.87	15.9	1492	±19	1908	±19	22
9.1	0.02	488	274	0.58	151	1986	±18	1960.2	±6.2	−1
10.1	0.09	181	123	0.70	54.3	1931	±19	1958	±11	1
11.1	2.00	228	198	0.90	42.6	1247	±13	2004	±25	38
12.1	0.02	586	293	0.52	181	1982	±18	1969.1	±5.4	−1
13.1	0.03	1666	295	0.18	410	1622	±15	1889.5	±3.8	14
14.1	0.02	747	251	0.35	185	1631	±15	1919.6	±5.9	15
15.1	0.01	273	167	0.63	85.4	2004	±19	1970.1	±7.8	−2
16.1	0.03	514	208	0.42	131	1673	±21	1939.5	±6.3	14
17.1	0.00	96	63	0.67	30.2	2006	±22	1985	±13	−1
17.2	0.01	674	275	0.42	176	1708	±16	1944.1	±5.1	12
18.1	0.00	49	38	0.81	15	1959	±25	1983	±29	1
19.1	0.02	133	125	0.97	41.6	2006	±21	1974	±11	−2
20.1	0.01	437	279	0.66	135	1984	±18	1962.4	±6.3	−1
CVZ856
1.1	0.00	135	100	0.76	42.3	2002	±20	1974	±8.9	−1
2.1	0.17	338	73	0.22	104	1966	±18	1970	±6.9	0
3.1	0.00	102	70	0.71	31.8	1997	±21	1970	±10	−1
4.1	0.24	923	164	0.18	217	1553	±14	1882.6	±5.6	18
5.1	0.11	189	173	0.94	53.9	1842	±18	1959.9	±9.7	6
5.2	0.09	775	185	0.25	234	1940	±17	1958.7	±4.5	1
6.1	0.10	341	183	0.55	103	1939	±18	1962.7	±6.6	1
7.1	0.00	107	77	0.74	33.5	1997	±21	1965	±12	−2
8.1	0.02	189	131	0.72	57.3	1948	±19	1985.1	±8.3	2
9.1	0.02	135	120	0.92	57.5	2602	±25	2598.8	±6.6	0
9.2	0.50	303	75	0.26	61.9	1370	±13	2110	±21	35
10.1	0.08	217	197	0.94	65	1924	±18	1969.7	±7.7	2
11.1	1.65	716	135	0.20	175	1589	±15	1920	±19	17
12.1	–	284	328	1.20	86.5	1959	±18	1974.6	±6.5	1
13.1	0.92	326	114	0.36	80.9	1624	±15	1938	±14	16
14.1	0.32	431	201	0.48	113	1705	±16	1945.4	±8.4	12
15.1	0.00	116	78	0.70	36.1	1991	±20	1969	±10	−1
16.1	0.00	133	85	0.66	41.6	2001	±20	1985.6	±9.3	−1
17.1	0.00	128	93	0.75	40.1	2001	±20	1975.8	±9.4	−1
18.1	1.06	880	81	0.10	152	1169	±11	1766	±14	34
19.1	0.15	318	150	0.49	72.6	1519	±15	1965.7	±8.1	23
20.1	0.14	462	247	0.55	137	1909	±17	1955.4	±6.1	2
CVZ857
1.1	0.13	117	45	0.40	36.4	1995	±20	1966	±12	−1
2.1	0.16	130	54	0.43	31.9	1613	±19	1966	±14	18
3.1	0.06	375	155	0.43	98.7	1721	±18	1975.2	±6.3	13
4.1	0.01	386	31	0.08	118	1966	±18	2051.1	±7.4	4
5.1	0.06	163	89	0.56	50.7	1994	±19	1971.3	±9.1	−1
6.1	0.03	996	32	0.03	295	1907	±17	1974.5	±4.5	3
7.1	0.03	670	49	0.08	199	1917	±17	1969.4	±4.1	3
8.1	0.22	374	47	0.13	103	1792	±17	1971.8	±7.5	9
9.1	0.14	345	301	0.90	88.1	1677	±16	1967.7	±7.2	15
10.1	0.39	301	77	0.26	86.1	1844	±23	1997	±42	8
11.1	0.01	416	94	0.23	132	2019	±18	1972.3	±5.3	−2
12.1	0.13	147	54	0.38	45.2	1971	±19	1980.1	±9.4	0
13.1	0.02	109	128	1.21	53.5	2909	±29	2832	±6	−3
14.1	1.44	813	40	0.05	172	1398	±16	1925	±17	27
14.2	0.77	203	100	0.51	89.1	2649	±28	2617	±12	−1
15.1	0.85	740	146	0.20	156	1408	±15	1934	±13	27
16.1	0.13	150	74	0.51	45.2	1940	±19	1970.3	±9.8	2
17.1	0.39	217	78	0.37	66.4	1962	±19	1971	±10	0
19.1	0.02	168	40	0.24	68.6	2509	±23	2539.3	±7.1	1
20.1	5.11	1352	31	0.02	97.8	495.2	±5.5	1674	±74	70
20.2	1.49	179	77	0.44	55.3	1956	±19	2004	±20	2
21.1	0.06	80	29	0.37	35.5	2686	±26	2873.4	±8.9	7
CVZ861
1.1	0.00	447	173	0.40	132	1899	±17	1955.3	± 4.8	3
1.2	1.15	366	85	0.24	104	1829	±17	1947	±19	6
3.1	1.95	689	236	0.35	187	1738	±18	1938	±30	10
2.1	14.89	2590	284	0.11	254	598	±11	1883	±200	68
5.1	1.21	573	193	0.35	159	1787	±17	1947	±43	8
6.1	1.83	354	93	0.27	80.6	1490	±15	1972	±27	24
7.1	6.79	852	239	0.29	172	1276	±14	1852	±75	31
8.1	0.03	327	145	0.46	101	1976	±18	1974.7	± 5.9	0
9.1	9.37	1023	419	0.42	161	991	±13	1770	±110	44
10.1	0.90	786	310	0.41	149	1273	±13	1821	±18	30
11.1	6.48	535	131	0.25	111	1313	±14	1934	±85	32
12.1	0.28	328	110	0.35	77.7	1565	±16	1931.4	± 9	19
13.1	1.95	566	234	0.43	134	1540	±14	1943	±22	21
14.1	0.13	427	148	0.36	127	1912	±17	1970	± 5.9	3
15.1	4.98	584	154	0.27	120	1324	±13	1959	±50	32
16.1	0.01	121	83	0.71	50.4	2550	±24	2514.7	± 7	−1
17.1	0.01	414	883	2.20	202	2897	±29	2815.8	± 4.4	−3
17.2	0.25	671	250	0.38	170	1660	±15	1922.2	± 6.1	14
18.1	0.07	449	198	0.46	136	1949	±18	1973.6	± 6.7	1
19.1	4.27	465	119	0.26	98.8	1370	±14	1939	±68	29
CVZ864
1.1	3.52	296	512	1.79	83.6	1774	±22	2697	±25	34
1.2	0.42	272	140	0.53	121	2678	±23	2826.1	± 6.7	5
2.1	2.37	574	400	0.72	91	1068	±10	1933	±25	45
3.1	8.11	434	1108	2.64	70.3	1031	±22	2060	±120	50
4.1	0.62	8249	2132	0.27	2810	2142	±21	1933	± 5.8	−11
5.1	1.69	282	506	1.85	73.5	1680	±16	2017	±20	17
6.1	2.62	10,738	2553	0.25	1930	1197	±11	1916	±27	38
7.1	10.67	585	1844	3.26	105	1103	±13	2099	±110	47
8.1	0.11	12,099	2488	0.21	3310	1782	±16	1866.8	± 2.8	5

Errors are 1-sigma; Pb_c and Pb^* indicate the common and radiogenic portions, respectively
Error in Standard calibration was 0.24% (not included in above errors but required when comparing data from different mounts)
^aCommon Pb corrected using measured ²⁰⁴Pb

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Jelsma, H.A., McCourt, S., Perritt, S.H., Armstrong, R.A. (2018). The Geology and Evolution of the Angolan Shield, Congo Craton. In: Siegesmund, S., Basei, M., Oyhantçabal, P., Oriolo, S. (eds) Geology of Southwest Gondwana. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68920-3_9

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68920-3_9
Published: 03 February 2018
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68919-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68920-3
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The Geology and Evolution of the Angolan Shield, Congo Craton

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Appendix 9.1

Appendix 9.1

SHRIMP zircon U–Th–Pb isotopic compositions and age data

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