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International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2017 pp 359–370Cite as

Thrifty Land Use by Spatial Planning Law: Considering the Swiss Concept

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Part of the book series: International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy ((IYSLP,volume 2017))

Abstract

Worldwide sprawl and urbanization are leading to a dramatic increase in land use. Many nations pursue sustainable development goals to restrict this land consumption. The aim is to limit losses of natural soil functions due to sealing, fertile and semi-natural land, and their biodiversity. In this context, the analysis of Swiss land-use laws may help to gain new insights and provide alternative concepts.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Schwick et al. (2010), p. 13.

  2. 2.

    Waltert and Seidl (2013), p. 178.

  3. 3.

    Schwick et al. (2010), pp. 11, 14.

  4. 4.

    Waltert and Seidl (2013), pp. 178 et seq. Taxation of housing properties at lower market value, weak enforcement of the partial commuter flat-rate and polluter pays principle are fiscal incentives influencing land usage. Two spatial reasons are oversized building areas and weak absorption of added values of property owners. Since 2014 amending spatial law respects these planning aspects.

  5. 5.

    Auer et al. (2014), p. 11.

  6. 6.

    Entire text paragraph: Gilgen (2012), p. 107.

  7. 7.

    Entire text paragraph: Devecchi (2016), pp. 26–27.

  8. 8.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 43.

  9. 9.

    Devecchi (2016) p. 27.

  10. 10.

    Gilgen (2012), p. 85.

  11. 11.

    See a brief overview of legislative reform in Switzerland in: Hengstmann and Gerber (2015), p. 241.

  12. 12.

    Swiss Acts see: https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/bundesrecht.html. This homepage includes old Act versions. RPG see: https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19790171/index.html.

  13. 13.

    Waldmann and Hänni (2006), Article 1 N 12.

  14. 14.

    Waldmann and Hänni (2006), Article 1 N 22.

  15. 15.

    Lezzi (2014), p. 136. Since 1980 the Swiss Federal Law on Spatial Planning recognizes the delivery of the added value. But since 2014 the municipalities have been obliged to require at least 20% or more according to cantonal law. A Federal Court decision has allowed up to 60% of the added value. Since 2014 the Swiss Confederation can impose sanctions against cantons which do not reform their laws. See Lezzi (2014), p. 138.

  16. 16.

    Waldmann and Hänni (2006), Article 1 N 53.

  17. 17.

    Waldmann and Hänni (2006), Article 2 N 14.

  18. 18.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 51.

  19. 19.

    Waldmann and Hänni (2006), Article 13 N 1.

  20. 20.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 53.

  21. 21.

    See: http://www.are.admin.ch/themen/raumplanung/00228/00274/index.html?lang=de.

  22. 22.

    See Sect. 3.3.2.1.

  23. 23.

    Gilgen (2012), p. 432.

  24. 24.

    Gilgen (2012), p. 111.

  25. 25.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 65.

  26. 26.

    Gilgen (2012), p. 87.

  27. 27.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 66.

  28. 28.

    See Gilgen (2012), p. 432.

  29. 29.

    See for example Spatial Law of Canton Graubünden (KRG), Art. KRG Artikel 15.

  30. 30.

    Muggli (2014) sees a contradiction in Swiss policy: on one hand the government strengthens the duty for economical use of land and on the other hand it allows more exceptions for building in nonbuilding areas, pp. 68, 69, 75.

  31. 31.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 82.

  32. 32.

    Gilgen (2012), p. 477.

  33. 33.

    Gilgen (2012), pp. 432, 87.

  34. 34.

    For calculating real needs, the government has stipulated requirements (Art. 30 a RPV) and directives. The extent of building areas depends on analysis and projections of the development of population and employees, infrastructural needs and financial budgets. See: Gilgen (2012), p. 493.

  35. 35.

    Gilgen (2012), p. 492.

  36. 36.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 111.

  37. 37.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 84.

  38. 38.

    Danielli et al. (2014), p. 128.

  39. 39.

    Gilgen (2012), p. 111.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urban Development Authority, Berlin, Germany

    Yvonne Franßen

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  1. Yvonne Franßen
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Correspondence to Yvonne Franßen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. German Environment Agency, Dessau, Germany

    Harald Ginzky

  2. Farmer Center, Iowa State University, Urbandale, Iowa, USA

    Elizabeth Dooley

  3. Sustainable Soils and Desertification, IUCN World Commission on Environmental Law, Kleinmachnow, Germany

    Irene L. Heuser

  4. Kampala, Uganda

    Emmanuel Kasimbazi

  5. Research Centre for European Environmental Law, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Till Markus

  6. Research Institute of Environmental Law, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Tianbao Qin

Additional information

Dipl.-Ing. Yvonne Franßen (urban planner) Employee in an urban development authority in Berlin, Germany; responsible for land use planning.

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Franßen, Y. (2018). Thrifty Land Use by Spatial Planning Law: Considering the Swiss Concept. In: Ginzky, H., Dooley, E., Heuser, I., Kasimbazi, E., Markus, T., Qin, T. (eds) International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2017. International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy, vol 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68885-5_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68885-5_19

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