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Applications: Transonic Flows

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Abstract

Solid surfaces in like actuators, fluid mechanical models and surrounding walls can influence the fluid flow and/or can be deformed or displaced by it. The knowledge of the actual surface shape and location is therefore important for many fluid mechanical investigations. In compressible fluids density variations is another important fluid parameter besides velocity. Both, the measurement of density gradients in a flow and the detection of the deformation and position of solid surfaces in contact with the fluid can be easily obtained based on PIV imaging hard- and software. The correlation based procedures for deformation, displacement, and strain analysis have been developed and applied more and more frequently during the past decade. The most common method, the deformation measurement by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is described first together with examples of applications. The later section describes the theory of the Background-Oriented Schlieren Technique (BOS), which determines density gradients without using any sophisticated optical equipment. Practical aspect of the technique are addressed by the description of its application to a helicopter in hovering flight and to the transonic flow behind a cylinder.

An overview of the Digital Content to applications on transonic flows can be found at [DC12.1].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Aerodynamik und Strömungstechnik, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Göttingen, Germany

    Markus Raffel & Jürgen Kompenhans

  2. Institut für Antriebstechnik, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Köln, Germany

    Christian E. Willert

  3. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Fulvio Scarano

  4. Institut für Strömungsmechanik und Aerodynamik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany

    Christian J. Kähler

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birck Nanotech Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

    Steven T. Wereley

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  1. Markus Raffel
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  2. Christian E. Willert
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  3. Fulvio Scarano
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  4. Christian J. Kähler
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  6. Jürgen Kompenhans
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Correspondence to Markus Raffel .

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Raffel, M., Willert, C.E., Scarano, F., Kähler, C.J., Wereley, S.T., Kompenhans, J. (2018). Applications: Transonic Flows. In: Particle Image Velocimetry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7_12

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