Skip to main content

Interrogating Neglected Voices

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
African and Afro-Caribbean Repatriation, 1919–1922
  • 133 Accesses

Abstract

This introductory chapter introduces three main arguments: first, that the sheer volume of racist expressions was accompanied by expansive articulations of black protest, underlining the importance of close reading of language in communications. Secondly, the centrality of economic factors is illustrated by human stories, in particular, lack of employment and appallingly financial hardship. Thirdly, there is a transnational flavour to the particular communications and events which resonated throughout Britain and elsewhere in its empire. Scholars have addressed this change of attitude towards black empire contributions in Britain by reference to the race riots, but have not analysed in any detail what happened afterwards, especially in terms of individual voices. This study emphasises use of language by acknowledging letters and petitions as works of non-fiction literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adi, H. (2013). Pan-Africanism and Communism: The Communist International, Africa and Diaspora, 1919–1939. Trenton: Africa World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arendt, H. (1951). The Burden of Our Time. The Origins of Totalitarianism. London: Secker and Warburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, J. (1996). Dismembering the Male: Men’s Bodies, Britain and the Great War. London: Reaktion Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabanes, B. (2014). The Great War and the Origins of Humanitarianism, 1918–1924. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castles, S., & Kosack, G. (1973). Immigrants Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, J. (2019, forthcoming). Black Internationalism and Media. Basingstoke: Palgrave Pivot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chickering, R., & Förster, S. (2003). The Shadow of Total War: Europe, East Asia and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, R. (2015). Black Tommies. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, J. (1982). Margins of Philosophy (A. Bass, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, J. (1992). Acts of Literature. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewitte, P. (2007). Les mouvements nègres en France, 1919–1939. Paris: l’Harmatten.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezra, E. (2000). The Colonial Unconscious: Race and Culture in Interwar France. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, R. (1991). Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fryer, P. (1984). Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerwarth, R., & Horne, J. (Eds.). (2012). War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilroy, P. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. (1990). Cultural Identity and Diaspora. In J. Rutherford (Ed.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. London: Lawrence and Wishart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. (1997). The Local and the Global: Globalization and Ethnicity. In A. D. King (Ed.), Culture, Globalization and the World System. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. (2002). Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination 1830–1867. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S., & du Gay, P. (Eds.). (1996). Questions of Cultural Identity. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (2004). The Black Experience in Twentieth Century Britain. In P. D. Morgan & S. Hawkins (Eds.), Black Experience and the Empire (pp. 347–386). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkinson, J. (1987). Repatriation to the West Indies: A Repercussion of the 1919 Race Riots in Britain. Inter-Arts, (Spring), 11–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkinson, J. (2009). Black 1919: Riots, Racism and Resistance in Imperial Britain. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Killingray, D. (Ed.). (1994). Africans in Britain. London: Frank Cass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, W. R. (1998). The Socio-economic and Demographic Characteristics of Port Cities: A Typology for Comparative Analysis. Urban History, 25(2), 147–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makalani, M. (2011). In the Cause of Freedom: Radical Black Internationalism from Harlem to London. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Matera, M., & Kingsley Kent, S. (2017). The Global 1930s: The International Decade. New York: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazón, P., & Steingröver, R. (Eds.). (2005). Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890–2000. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olusoga, D. (2014). The World’s War: Forgotten Soldiers of Empire. London: Head of Zeus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orr, N. G. (1999). Keep the Home Fires Burning: Peace Day in Luton 1919. Family and Community History, 2(1), 17–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panayi, P. (1991). Germans in Britain During the First World War. Historical Research, 64(153), 63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panayi, P. (Ed.). (1993). Racial Violence in Britain 1815–1945. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panayi, P. (1994). Immigration, Ethnicity and Racism in Britain, 1815–1945. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panayi, P. (1999). Outsiders: A History of European Minorities. London: Hambledon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich, P. B. (1986). Race and Empire in British Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schor, R. (1985). L’Opinion Française et les Étrangers en France, 1919–1939. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schor, R. (1996). Histoire de l’immigration en France de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours. Paris: Armand Colin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. (2015a). The Impact of the First World War on Pan Africanism. In D. R. Cohen & D. Higbee (Eds.), Options for Teaching Representations of the First World War. New York: Modern Languages Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. (2015b). Colonial Soldiers: Race, Military Service and Masculinity During and Beyond WW1 and WW2. In K. Hagemann, D. Bonker, S. Dudink, & S. Rose (Eds.), Gender, War and the Western World Since 1650. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walvin, J. (1973). Black and White: The Negro and English Society 1555–1945. London: Allen Lane and The Penguin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilder, G. (2005). The French Imperial State: Negritude and Colonial Humanism between the Two World Wars. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jane L. Chapman .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chapman, J.L. (2018). Interrogating Neglected Voices. In: African and Afro-Caribbean Repatriation, 1919–1922. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68813-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68813-8_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68812-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68813-8

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics