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Effects of Toxic Gases, Ozone, Carbon Dioxide, and Wastes on Plant Secondary Metabolism

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Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges

Abstract

Various kinds of human activities along with environmental interactions or changes are occasioning the addition and accumulation of hazardous entities in the environment. The subsequent result of this is negative effects of these factors on living systems including plants. Factors such as heavy metals, toxic gases, ozone, and carbon dioxide have a major impact on plant growth and secondary metabolism of the plants. Secondary metabolites are the key players in plant adaptation to these environmental stresses and play a role in mitigating the negative effects of these stresses. Both primary and secondary metabolisms are altered under these stress environments, however, plants have evolved to endure these conditions through inducing several regulating mechanisms such as evapotranspiration of available water, controlled openings and closings of stomata as per the availability of water, over accumulation of various osmoprotectants and osmoregulators, induction of antioxidant machinery and fine tuning of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of gene expressions. In most of the plants, the ultimate result of these defensive adaptations is regulated production of the secondary metabolites. In this chapter, we have discussed the effects of toxic gases, ozone, carbon dioxide as well as other wastes including the nanoparticles-wastes on plant secondary metabolites.

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Abbreviations

PSM:

Plant Secondary Metabolites

CO2:

Carbon Dioxide

O3:

Ozone

SO2:

Sulfur Dioxide

H2S:

Hydrogen Sulfide

Cd:

Cadmium

Cr:

Chromium

Ni:

Nickel

As:

Arsenic

Ag:

Silver

Au:

Gold

NAA:

Naphthalene acetic acid

NSC:

Non-structural Carbohydrates

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Acknowledgements

The research support through the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India funds (grant number SR/FT/LS-93/2011 and EMR/2016/003896) to VK’s lab is gratefully acknowledged. SHW is grateful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi India for providing Raman Post-Doctoral Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India

    Vinay Kumar & Tushar Khare

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India

    Vinay Kumar

  3. Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Akurdi, Pune, 411044, India

    Sagar Arya & Varsha Shriram

  4. Mountain Research Centre For Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, 192101, India

    Shabir H. Wani

  5. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir H. Wani

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  1. Vinay Kumar
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  2. Tushar Khare
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  3. Sagar Arya
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  5. Shabir H. Wani
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Correspondence to Vinay Kumar or Shabir H. Wani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicinal Plants, Arak University, Arak, Iran

    Mansour Ghorbanpour

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Kumar, V., Khare, T., Arya, S., Shriram, V., Wani, S.H. (2017). Effects of Toxic Gases, Ozone, Carbon Dioxide, and Wastes on Plant Secondary Metabolism. In: Ghorbanpour, M., Varma, A. (eds) Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68717-9_5

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