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Bone Stress Injuries

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Principles of Orthopedic Practice for Primary Care Providers

Abstract

Bone stress injuries (BSI) are a common overuse injury in active individuals. The injury is particularly common in athletes participating in land-based sports including running. The cause of BSI is often multifactorial from a combination of biological, biomechanical, and anatomical risk factors. Initial management includes off-loading the affected bone to eliminate pain and facilitate healing, addressing risk factors, and ensuring adequate nutrition, followed by gradual loading program and physical therapy. Injury prevention strategies include addressing deficits in running mechanics, optimizing nutrition and sleep, and early sports participation in sports that optimize bone health, including ball sports.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Triad Consensus Panel recommends asking these screening questions at the time of the sport pre-participation evaluation. With permission from De Souza MJ, Br Sports Med 2014;48:289. Copyright © 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. & British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine (2).

Abbreviations

BSI:

Bone stress injury

DXA:

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedics and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 1575 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Adam S. Tenforde

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  1. Adam S. Tenforde
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Correspondence to Adam S. Tenforde .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Jeffrey N. Katz

  2. Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Cheri A. Blauwet

  3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Andrew J. Schoenfeld

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Tenforde, A.S. (2018). Bone Stress Injuries. In: Katz, J., Blauwet, C., Schoenfeld, A. (eds) Principles of Orthopedic Practice for Primary Care Providers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68661-5_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68661-5_24

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68660-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68661-5

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