Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Model-Driven Engineering of an OpenCypher Engine: Using Graph Queries to Compile Graph Queries

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
SDL 2017: Model-Driven Engineering for Future Internet (SDL 2017)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 10567))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Graph database systems are increasingly adapted for storing and processing heterogeneous network-like datasets. Many challenging applications with near real-time requirements—such as financial fraud detection, on-the-fly model validation and root cause analysis—can be formalised as graph problems and tackled with graph databases efficiently. However, as no standard graph query language has yet emerged, users are subjected to the possibility of vendor lock-in.

The openCypher group aims to define an open specification for a declarative graph query language. However, creating an openCypher-compatible query engine requires significant research and engineering efforts. Meanwhile, model-driven language workbenches support the creation of domain-specific languages by providing high-level tools to create parsers, editors and compilers. In this paper, we present an approach to build a compiler and optimizer for openCypher using model-driven technologies, which allows developers to define declarative optimization rules.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Available at http://docs.inf.mit.bme.hu/ingraph/.

  2. 2.

    The \( Dual \) relation is inspired by the DUAL table in the Oracle database [6].

  3. 3.

    https://github.com/slizaa/slizaa-opencypher-xtext, released under EPL v1.0.

  4. 4.

    In the order of appearance: DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and SKIP ... LIMIT ....

References

  1. Ambite, J.L., Knoblock, C.A.: Planning by rewriting. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 15, 207–261 (2001)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Apache Software Foundation. Apache Jena. https://jena.apache.org/

  3. Arendt, T., Biermann, E., Jurack, S., Krause, C., Taentzer, G.: Henshin: advanced concepts and tools for in-place EMF model transformations. In: Petriu, D.C., Rouquette, N., Haugen, Ø. (eds.) MODELS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6394, pp. 121–135. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16145-2_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Armbrust, M., et al.: Spark SQL: relational data processing in Spark. In: SIGMOD, pp. 1383–1394 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bergmann, G., Horváth, Á., Ráth, I., Varró, D., Balogh, A., Balogh, Z., Ökrös, A.: Incremental evaluation of model queries over EMF models. In: Petriu, D.C., Rouquette, N., Haugen, Ø. (eds.) MODELS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6394, pp. 76–90. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16145-2_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Bryla, B., Loney, K.: Oracle Database 12C The Complete Reference, 1st edn. McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, USA (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Measurement and Information Systems. Model-based Demonstrator for Smart and Safe Systems (2015). https://modes3.inf.mit.bme.hu/

  8. Bunke, H., Glauser, T., Tran, T.-H.: An efficient implementation of graph grammars based on the RETE matching algorithm. In: Ehrig, H., Kreowski, H.-J., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Graph Grammars 1990. LNCS, vol. 532, pp. 174–189. Springer, Heidelberg (1991). doi:10.1007/BFb0017389

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Búr, M., Ujhelyi, Z., Horváth, Á., Varró, D.: Local search-based pattern matching features in EMF-IncQuery. In: Parisi-Presicce, F., Westfechtel, B. (eds.) ICGT 2015. LNCS, vol. 9151, pp. 275–282. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21145-9_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Eclipse Foundation. RDF4J. http://rdf4j.org/

  11. Eclipse Foundation. Xtend - Modernized Java. https://www.eclipse.org/xtend/

  12. Eclipse Foundation. Xcore (2017). http://wiki.eclipse.org/Xcore

  13. Erdweg, S., et al.: The state of the art in language workbenches - conclusions from the language workbench challenge. In: Erwig, M., Paige, R.F., Wyk, E. (eds.) SLE 2013. LNCS, vol. 8225, pp. 197–217. Springer, Cham (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02654-1_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Eysholdt, M., Behrens, H.: Xtext: implement your language faster than the quick and dirty way. In: SIGPLAN, SPLASH/OOPSLA, pp. 307–309 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Garcia-Molina, H., Ullman, J.D., Widom, J.: Database Systems - The Complete Book, 2nd edn. Pearson Education, London (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Geiß, R., Batz, G.V., Grund, D., Hack, S., Szalkowski, A.: GrGen: a fast SPO-based graph rewriting tool. In: Corradini, A., Ehrig, H., Montanari, U., Ribeiro, L., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) ICGT 2006. LNCS, vol. 4178, pp. 383–397. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). doi:10.1007/11841883_27

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Hegedüs, Á., Horváth, Á., Varró, D.: A model-driven framework for guided design space exploration. Autom. Softw. Eng. 22(3), 399–436 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hölsch, J., Grossniklaus, M.: An algebra and equivalences to transform graph patterns in Neo4j. In: GraphQ at EDBT/ICDT (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Junghanns, M., et al.: Cypher-based graph pattern matching in Gradoop. In: GRADES at SIGMOD (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Koenig, D., Glover, A., King, P., Laforge, G., Skeet, J.: Groovy in Action. Manning Publications Co., Greenwich (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kolovos, D.S., Paige, R.F., Polack, F.A.C.: The epsilon transformation language. In: Vallecillo, A., Gray, J., Pierantonio, A. (eds.) ICMT 2008. LNCS, vol. 5063, pp. 46–60. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69927-9_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Leblebici, E., Anjorin, A., Schürr, A.: Developing eMoflon with eMoflon. In: Ruscio, D., Varró, D. (eds.) ICMT 2014. LNCS, vol. 8568, pp. 138–145. Springer, Cham (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08789-4_10

    Google Scholar 

  23. Marton, J., Szárnyas, G., Varró, D.: Formalising openCypher graph queries in relational algebra. In: Martite, K., Kjetil, N., George, A.P. (eds.) Advances in Databases and Information Systems: 21st European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems. Conference location and date: Nicosia, Ciprus, 2017-09-24-2017-09-27. LNCS. Springer (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66917-5_13. ISBN: 978-3-319-66916-8

  24. Neo Technology. Neo4j. http://neo4j.org/

  25. Neo Technology. openCypher project (2017). http://www.opencypher.org/

  26. Nickel, U., Niere, J., Zündorf, A.: The FUJABA environment. In: ICSE, pp. 742–745. ACM (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  27. OrientDB LTD. OrientDB graph-document NoSQL DBMS. http://www.orientdb.org/

  28. Pérez, J., et al.: Semantics and complexity of SPARQL. ACM TODS 34(3), 16 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Robinson, I., Webber, J., Eifrém, E.: Graph Databases, 2nd edn. O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rodriguez, M.A.: A collectively generated model of the world. In: Collective Intelligence: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace, pp. 261–264 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rodriguez, M.A.: The Gremlin graph traversal machine and language (invited talk). In: DBPL, pp. 1–10 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Rodriguez, M.A., Neubauer, P.: Constructions from dots and lines. Bull. Am. Soc. Inform. Sci. Technol. 36(6), 35–41 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Rodriguez, M.A., Neubauer, P.: The graph traversal pattern. In: Graph Data Management: Techniques and Applications, pp. 29–46 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Schürr, A., et al.: Handbook of graph grammars and computing by graph transformation, pp. 487–550. World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc. (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Silberschatz, A., Korth, H.F., Sudarshan, S.: Database System Concepts, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Boston (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Sparsity-technologies. Sparksee high-performance graph database. http://www.sparsity-technologies.com/

  37. Steinberg, D., Budinsky, F., Paternostro, M., Merks, E.: EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2.0, 2nd edn. Addison-Wesley Professional, Amsterdam (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Szárnyas, G., Izsó, B., Ráth, I., Harmath, D., Bergmann, G., Varró, D.: IncQuery-D: a distributed incremental model query framework in the cloud. In: Dingel, J., Schulte, W., Ramos, I., Abrahão, S., Insfran, E. (eds.) MODELS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8767, pp. 653–669. Springer, Cham (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11653-2_40

    Google Scholar 

  39. Szárnyas, G., et al.: The Train Benchmark: Cross-technology performance evaluation of continuous model validation. Softw. Syst. Model. (2017). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10270-016-0571-8

  40. ThinkAurelius. Titan. https://github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

  41. Ujhelyi, Z., et al.: EMF-IncQuery: an integrated development environment for live model queries. Sci. Comput. Program. 98, 80–99 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Varró, D.: Automated program generation for and by model transformation systems. In: AGT, pp. 161–174 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Varró, D., et al.: Road to a reactive and incremental model transformation platform: three generations of the VIATRA framework. Softw. Syst. Model. 15(3), 609–629 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Varró, G., Deckwerth, F.: A rete network construction algorithm for incremental pattern matching. In: Duddy, K., Kappel, G. (eds.) ICMT 2013. LNCS, vol. 7909, pp. 125–140. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38883-5_13

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Varró, G., et al.: An algorithm for generating model-sensitive search plans for pattern matching on EMF models. Softw. Syst. Model. 14(2), 597–621 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Varró, G., Friedl, K., Varró, D.: Adaptive graph pattern matching for model transformations using model-sensitive search plans. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 152, 191–205 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. W3C. Resource Description Framework (2014). https://www.w3.org/RDF/

Download references

Acknowledgements

The second and third authors of this work were partially supported by the MTA-BME Lendület Research Group on Cyber-Physical Systems. We would like to thank János Maginecz and Dávid Szakállas for their contributions to the relational graph algebra model. We are also grateful to András Vörös and Gábor Bergmann for their suggestions and comments on the draft of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Database Laboratory, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

    József Marton

  2. Fault Tolerant Systems Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

    Gábor Szárnyas & Márton Búr

  3. MTA-BME Lendület Research Group on Cyber-Physical Systems, Budapest, Hungary

    Gábor Szárnyas & Márton Búr

Authors
  1. József Marton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gábor Szárnyas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Márton Búr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to József Marton .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ericsson Hungary, Budapest, Hungary

    Tibor Csöndes

  2. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

    Gábor Kovács

  3. Ericsson Hungary, Budapest, Hungary

    György Réthy

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Marton, J., Szárnyas, G., Búr, M. (2017). Model-Driven Engineering of an OpenCypher Engine: Using Graph Queries to Compile Graph Queries. In: Csöndes, T., Kovács, G., Réthy, G. (eds) SDL 2017: Model-Driven Engineering for Future Internet. SDL 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10567. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68015-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68015-6_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68014-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68015-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation