Abstract
Blue cities around the world are re-thinking their edges, as they must. New design and planning ideas include ensuring that the blue–urban residents have abundant physical and visual access to marine environments. New parks and shorelines are being designed to be more dynamic and multifunctional—projects such as the Dryline in New York City will at once enhance water connectivity, add public park space and urban nature, and provide for flood mitigation and resilience. There are new efforts, such as the Living Breakwaters project under way in Staten Island, to enhance ecology and connect residents to the water, while also enhancing the marine environment’s resilience. New initiatives seek to integrate marine biodiversity into the design of new shoreline structures in cities such as Singapore and Seattle.
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Notes
- 1.
Amy Plitt, “Tour 1 Hotels’ New Sustainable NYC Hotel in Brooklyn Bridge Park,” Curbed, found at: https://ny.curbed.com/2017/3/24/14902856/nyc-hotels-brooklyn-bridge-park-design, March 24, 2017.
- 2.
E.g. see Zachary Weiss, “This New Brooklyn Hotel Runs Entirely on Wind Power,” found at: http://observer.com/2017/02/1-hotel-brooklyn-bridge-review/, February 23, 2017.
- 3.
“About the HarborWalk,” found at: http://www.bostonharbornow.org/what-we-do/explore/harborwalk/
- 4.
See Urban Land Institute, “Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital,” found at: http://returnsonresilience.uli.org/case/spaulding-rehabilitation-hospital/
- 5.
For more information, see Sydney BridgeClimb: www.bridgeclimb.com
- 6.
For more background on Wellington ’s efforts around blue belts, see Beatley , Blue Urbanism: Connecting Cities and Oceans, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2014.
- 7.
The precise number of rockpools along the New South Wales coast is unclear but is likely between 50 and 100; e.g. “In Search of the South Coast’s Best Ocean Pool,” http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/canberra-life/in-search-of-the-south-coasts-best-ocean-pool-20150303-13ttn0.html
- 8.
Matt Hansen, “Swim in New York’s East River? A Floating Pool Plan Envisions a Safe Way,” LA Times, March 15, 2015, found at: http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-floating-pools-20150315-story.html
- 9.
“First-of-its-kind $1.1 Million Eco Dock Opens On The South Brooklyn Waterfront,” found at: https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/american-veterans-memorial-pier/pressrelease/21190
- 10.
David W. Dunlap, “Building to the Sky, With a Plan for High Waters,” New York Times, January 26, 2017.
- 11.
- 12.
“Domino Sugar Refinery Master Plan,” found at: www.shoparc.com/projects/domino-sugar-refinery/
- 13.
E.g. see Jules Gianakos, “Domino Sugar Factory Master Plan Development,” Arch Daily, March 5, 2013.
- 14.
Water Square Benthemplein, found at: http://www.urbanisten.nl/wp/?portfolio=waterplein-benthemplein
- 15.
Interview and site visit with Josh Byrne, July 5, 2017, See the film here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGJhcMdQyY8.
- 16.
see Perth Urban Wetland film, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGJhcMdQyY8.
- 17.
Kai-Uwe Bergmann, lecture, April 3, 2017, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
- 18.
Ibid.
- 19.
E.g. see “Mangroves for Coastal Defence,” found at: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1q__FT92WS-Bplh5Wwplao2e88Aou2BXpNz3A3KX_ GCo/edit
- 20.
E.g. see Ken Christensen, “Seattle’s New Seawall: Holding Back the Tide, Protecting Salmon,” crosscut.com , May 18, 2017.
- 21.
E.g. see K.A. Dafforn et al., Guiding Principles for Marine Foreshore Developments: Report Prepared for Urban Growth NSW, Sydney: UNSW, 2016, found at: http://thebayssydney.nsw.gov.au/assets/Document-Library/Precinct-Wide-Technical-Studies-Underway-2015-/2016-Guiding-Principles-for-Marine-Foreshore-Developments.pdf
- 22.
Nguyen, Tun and Chan, “If You Build It, They Will Come: Modifying Coastal Structures for Habitat Enhancement,” The Nature of Cities Blog, October 5, 2016, found at: https://www.thenatureofcities.com/2016/10/05/if-you-build-it-they-will-come-modifying-coastal-structures-for-habitat-enhancement/
- 23.
Gang Studio, National Aquarium Strategic Master Plan, found at: http://studiogang.com/project/national-aquarium-blueprint
- 24.
Edward Gunts, “National Aquarium in Baltimore to Build North America’s First Sanctuary for “Retired” Dolphins,” Architects Newspaper, June 14, 2016, found at: https://archpaper.com/2016/06/national-aquarium-dolphin-sanctuary-studio-gang/
- 25.
Interview with and filming of Kate Orff, Battery Park, New York City, May 9, 2017.
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Beatley, T. (2018). Rethinking the Blue–Urban Edge. In: Blue Biophilic Cities. Cities and the Global Politics of the Environment. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67955-6_5
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