Skip to main content

Palliative Care for Geriatric Psychiatric Patients with Life-Limiting Illness

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Geriatric Psychiatry

Abstract

Many geriatric psychiatric patients face life-limiting illness. Optimal palliative care which focuses on aggressive symptom management while exploring advance care planning to help anticipate goals of care begins at the time of diagnosis of disease and continues until the end of life. Major neurocognitive disorder is discussed as a terminal illness that merits early palliative care involvement as physical complications are anticipated as part of the natural progression of disease. As life-limiting illness progresses, psychiatrists are often asked to weigh in the management of delirium, depressive, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders in the palliative care setting. Diagnostic and treatment challenges arise in managing these disorders because of medical frailty and the overlap of symptoms related to disease progression. Psychiatrists may also be asked to participate in evaluating patients who request physician aid in dying.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Back A, Arnold RM, Quill TE. Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(5):439–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bernacki R, Block S. Communication about serious illness care goals: a review and synthesis of best practices. JAMA Int Med. 2014;174(12):1994–2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Jiely DK, et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(16):1529–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Dufour AB, Shaffer ML, D’Agata EM, et al. Survival after suspected urinary tract infection in individuals with advanced dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(12):2472–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Givens JL, Jones RN, Shaffer ML, et al. Survival and comfort after treatment of pneumonia in advanced dementia. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(3):1102–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Ahronheim JC, Morrison RS, Baskin SA, et al. Treatment of the dying in the acute care hospital: advanced dementia and metastatic cancer. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(18):2094–100.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, Hamel MB. Dying with advanced dementia in the nursing home. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(3):321–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Teno JM, Gozalo P, Mitchell SL, et al. Feeding tubes and the prevention or healing of pressure ulcers. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(9):697–701.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Garrow D, Pride P, Moran W, et al. Feeding alternatives in patients with dementia: examining the evidence. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(12):1372–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cintra MT, de Rezende NA, de Morales EN, et al. A comparison of survival, pneumonia and hospitalization in patients with advanced dementia and dysphagia receiving either oral or enteral nutrition. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(10):894–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kuo S, Rhodes RL, Mitchell SL, et al. Natural history of feeding-tube use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009;10(4):264–70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Henderson CT, Trumbore LS, Mobarhan S, et al. Prolonged tube feeding in long-term care: nutritional status and clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992;11(3):309–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. American Geriatrics Society Ethics Committee and Clinical Practice and Models of Care Committee. American Geriatrics Society feeding tubes in advanced dementia position statement. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(8):1590–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Reisberg B. Functional assessment staging (FAST). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24(4):653–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, Hamel MB, et al. Estimating prognosis for nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Med Assoc. 2004;291(22):2734–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Aminoff BZ. Mini-suffering state examination scale: possible key criterion for 6-month survival and mortality of critically ill dementia patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2008;24(6):470–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Brown MA, Sampson EL, Jones L, et al. Prognostic indicators of 6-month mortality in elderly people with advanced dementia: a systematic review. Palliat Med. 2013;27(5):389–400.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Hendriks SA, Smalbrugge M, Galindo-Garre F, et al. From admission to death: prevalence and course of pain, agitation, and shortness of breath, and treatment of these symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(6):475–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hendriks SA, Smalbrugge M, Hertogh CM, et al. Dying with dementia: symptoms, treatment, and quality of life in the last week of life. J Pain Sympt Manage. 2014;47(4):710–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Brecher DB, West TL. Underrecognition and undertreatment of pain and behavioral symptoms in end-stage dementia. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2016;33(3):276–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Herr K, Busch H, Ersek M, et al. Use of pain-behavioral assessment tools in the nursing home: expert consensus recommendations for practice. J Gerontol Nurs. 2010;36(3):18–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kelly KG, Zisselman M, Cutillo-Schmitter T, et al. Severity and course of delirium in medically hospitalized nursing facility residents. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001;9(1):72–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lawlor PG, Fainsinger RL, Bruera ED. Delirium at the end of life: critical issues in clinical practice and research. JAMA. 2000;284(19):2427–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Leonard M, Raju B, Conroy M, Donnelly S, et al. Reversibility of delirium in terminally ill patients and predictors of mortality. Palliat Med. 2008;22(7):848–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Breitbart WC, Gibson C, Tremblay A. The delirium experience: delirium recall and delirium-related distress in hospitalized patients with cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their nurses. Psychosomatics. 2002;43(3):183–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Breitbart W, Alici Y. Agitation and delirium at the end of life: “we couldn’t manage him”. JAMA. 2008;300(24):2898–910.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Coyle N, Breitbart W, Weaver S, et al. Delirium as a contributing factor to “crescendo” pain: three case reports. J Pain Symptom Manag. 1994;9(1):44–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Maldonado JR. Neuropathogenesis of delirium: review of current etiologic theories and common pathways. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;21(12):1190–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Maldonado JR. Pathoetiological model of delirium: a comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of delirium and an evidence-based approach to prevention and treatment. Crit Care Clin. 2008;24(4):789–856.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Morita T, Tei Y, Tsunoda J, et al. Underlying pathologies and their associations with clinical features in terminal delirium of cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2001;22(6):997–1006.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Leonard MM, Nekolaichuk C, Meagher DJ, et al. Practical assessment of delirium in palliative care. J Pain Sympt Manage. 2014;48(2):176–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Boettger S, Jenewein J, Breitbart W. Delirium and severe illness: etiologies, severity of delirium, and phenomenological differences. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13(4):1087–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Moyer DD. Terminal delirium in geriatric patients with cancer at the end of life. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2011;28(1):44–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Jackson KC, Lipman AG. Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;2:CD004770.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ventafridda V, Ripamonti C, De Conno F, et al. Symptom prevalence and control during cancer patients’ last days of life. J Palliat Care. 1990;6(3):7–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fainsinger RL, Waller A, Bercovici M, et al. A multicentre international study of sedation for uncontrolled symptoms in terminally ill patients. Palliat Med. 2000;4(4):257–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lo B, Rubenfeld G. Palliative sedation in dying patients: “we turn to it when everything else hasn’t worked”. JAMA. 2005;294(14):1810–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Morita T, Chinone Y, Ikenaga M, et al. Efficacy and safety of palliative sedation therapy: a multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted on specialized palliative care units in Japan. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2005;30(4):320–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sykes N, Thorns A. Sedative use in the last week of life and the implications for end-of-life decision making. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(3):341–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Vitetta L, Kenner D, Sali A. Sedation and analgesia-prescribing patterns in terminally ill patients at the end of life. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2005;22(6):465–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Block SD. Psychological issues in end-of-life care. J Palliat Med. 2006;9(3):751–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Wilson KG, Lander M. Chochinov. Diagnosis and management of depression in palliative care. In: Chochinov HM, Breitbart W, editors. Handbook of psychiatry in palliative medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 39–68.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Passik SD, Dugan W, McDonald MV, et al. Oncologists’ recognition of depression in their patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(4):1594–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Irwin SA, Rao S, Bower K, et al. Psychiatric issues in palliative care: recognition of depression enrolled in hospice care. J Palliat Med. 2008;11(2):158–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lloyd-Williams M, Shiels C, Taylor F, et al. Depression-an independent predictor of early death in patients with advanced cancer. J Affect Disord. 2009;113(1–2):127–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Noorani NH, Montagnini M. Recognizing depression in palliative care patients. J Palliat Med. 2007;10(2):458–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Block SD. Assessing and managing depression in the terminally ill patient. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(3):209–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Endicott J. Measurement of depression in patients with cancer. Cancer. 1984;53(10S):2243–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kissane DW, Clarke DM. Demoralization syndrome: a relevant psychiatric diagnosis for palliative care. J Palliat Care. 2001;17(1):12–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Block SD. Psychological considerations, growth, and transcendence at the end of life. JAMA. 2001;285(22):2898–905.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Shear MK. Grief and mourning gone awry: pathway and course of complicated grief. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012;14(2):119–28.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. McCabe PJ, Christopher PP. Symptom and functional traits of brief major depressive episodes and discrimination of bereavement. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(2):112–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, et al. “Are you depressed?” screening for depression in the terminally ill. Am J Psychiatr. 1997;154(5):674–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Mitchell AJ. Are one or two questions sufficient to detect depression in in cancer and palliative care? A Bayesian meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2008;98(12):1934–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Lloyd-Williams M, Dennis M, Taylor F. A prospective study to compare three depression screening tools in patients who are terminally ill. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26(5):384–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Hardy SE. Methylphenidate for the treatment of depressive symptoms, including fatigue and apathy, in medically ill older adults and terminally ill adults. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2009;7(1):34–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Prommer E. Methylphenidate: established and expanding roles in symptom management. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2012;29(6):483–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Raynor L, Price A, Evans A, et al. Antidepressants for the treatment of depression in palliative care: systematic review and meta-analysis. Palliat Med. 2011;25(1):36–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Feigenberg L, Shneidman E. Clinical thanatology and psychotherapy: some reflections on caring for the dying person. Omega. 1979;10(1):1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Chochinov HM. Dignity therapy: final words for final days. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  61. Martinez M, Arantzamendi M, Belar A, et al. “Dignity therapy”: a promising intervention in palliative care: a comprehensive systemic literature review. Palliat Med. 2016;31(6):492–509. pii: 0269216316665562.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Juliao M, Oliveira F, Nunes B, et al. Efficacy of dignity therapy on depression and anxiety in Portuguese terminally ill patients: a phase II randomized controlled trial. J Palliat Med. 2014;17(6):686–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Thomas LP, Meier EA, Irwin SA. Meaning-centered psychotherapy: a form of psychotherapy for patients with cancer. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16(10):488.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Breitbart W, Poppito S, Rosenfeld B, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of individual meaning-centered psychotherapy for patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(12):1304–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Gibson C, et al. Meaning-centered group psychotherapy for patients with advanced cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychooncology. 2010;19(1):21–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Nissen R, Freeman E, Lo C, et al. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM): a qualitative study of a brief individual psychotherapy for individuals with cancer. Palliat Med. 2011;26(5):713–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Lo C, Hales S, Jung J, et al. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM): phase 2 trial of a brief individual psychotherapy for patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med. 2043;28(3):234–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Roth AJ, Massie MJ. Anxiety in palliative care. In: Chochinov HM, Breitbart W, editors. Handbook of psychiatry in palliative medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 69–80.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Aapro MS, et al. Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting. Support Care Cancer. 2011;19(10):1533–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Ganzel BL. Trauma-informed hospice and palliative care. Gerontologist. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw146.

  71. Cicero TJ, Inciardi JA, Munoz A. Trends in abuse of Oxycontin and other opioid analgesics in the United States: 2002–2004. J Pain. 2005;6(10):662–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Gilson AM, Ryan KM, Joranson DE, et al. A reassessment of trends in the medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics and implications for diversion control: 1997–2002. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2004;28(2):176–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Dev R, Parsons HA, Palla S, et al. Undocumented alcoholism and its correlation with tobacco and illegal drug use in advanced cancer patients. Cancer. 2011;117(19):4551–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Barclay JS, Owens JE, Blackhall LJ. Screening for substance abuse risk in cancer patients using the opioid risk tool and urine drug screen. Support Care Cancer. 2014;22(7):1883–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Lundberg JC, Passik SD. Alcohol and cancer: a review for psycho-oncologists. Psycho-Onc. 1997;6(4):253–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Passik SD, Portenoy RK, Ricketts PL. Substance abuse issues in cancer patients. Part 2: evaluation and treatment. Oncology. 1998;12(5):729–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Ramer L, Richardson JL, Cohen MZ, et al. Multimeasure pain assessment in an ethnically diverse group of patients with cancer. J Transcult Nurs. 1999;10(2):94–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Ward SE, Goldberg N, Miller-McCauley V, et al. Patient-related barriers to management of cancer pain. Pain. 1993;52(3):319–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Anderson KO, Mendoza TR, Valero V, et al. Minority cancer patients and their providers: pain management attitudes and practice. Cancer. 2000;88(8):1929–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Gonzales GR, Coyle N. Treatment of cancer pain in a former opioid abuser: fears of the patient and staff and their influence on care. J Pain Symptom Manag. 1992;7(4):246–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Webster L. Pseudoaddiction revisited: a commentary on clinical and historical considerations. Pain Management. 2011;1(3):239–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Kirsh KL, Passik SD. Palliative care of the terminally ill drug addict. Cancer Investig. 2006;24(4):425–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Passik S, Kirsh KL, Casper D. Addiction-related assessment tools and pain management: instruments for screening, treatment planning, and monitor compliance. Pain Med. 2008;9(S2):S145–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Starrels JL, Becker WC, Alford DP, et al. Systemic review: treatment agreements with urine drug testing to reduce opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(11):712–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Pesce A, West C, Egan City K, Strickland J. Interpretation of urine drug testing in pain patients. Pain Med. 2012;13(7):868–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Attal N, Cruccu G, Baron R, et al. EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(9):1113–e88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468–1331.2010.02999.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. JAMA. 2016;315(15):1624–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Prommer EE. Ketamine for pain: an update of uses in palliative care. J Palliat Med. 2012;15(4):474–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Chow R, Chiu L, Navari R, et al. Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) as reported in phase I and II studies: a systemic review. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(2):1001–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Naing A, Dalal S, Abderlrahim M, et al. Olanzapine for cachexia in patients with advanced cancer: an exploratory study of effects on weight and metabolic cytokines. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(9):2649–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Spathis A, Fife K, Blackhall F, et al. Modafanil for the treatment of fatigue in lung cancer: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(18):1882–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Minton O, Richardson A, Sharpe M, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the pharmacological treatment of cancer-related fatigue. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(16):1155–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Patel T, Yosipovitch G. Therapy of pruritus. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11(10):1673–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Sullivan MD, Ganzini L, Youngner SJ. Should psychiatrists serve as gatekeepers for physician-assisted suicide? Hast Cent Rep. 1998;28(4):24–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Rich BA. Pathologizing suffering and the pursuit of a peaceful death. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2014;23(4):403–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Hudson PL, Kristjanson LJ, Ashby M, et al. Desire for hastened death in patients with advanced disease and the evidence base of clinical guidelines: a systemic review. Palliat Med. 2006;20(7):693–701.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Olden M, Pessin H, Lichtenthal WG, et al. Suicide and desire for hastened death in terminally ill. In: Chochinov HM, Breitbart W, editors. Handbook of psychiatry in palliative medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 101–12.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Kelly B, Burnett P, Pelusi D, et al. Factors associated with the wish to hasten death: a study of patients with terminal illness. Psychol Med. 2003;33(1):75–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Block SD, Billings JA. Patient requests to hasten death: evaluation and management in terminal care. Ann Intern Med. 1994;154(18):2039–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, et al. Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, families, and other care providers. JAMA. 2000;284(19):2476–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Pessin H, et al. Depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death in terminally ill patients with cancer. JAMA. 2000;284(22):2907–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Breitbart W. Spirituality and meaning in supportive care: spirituality- and meaning-centered interventions in advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2002;10(4):272–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Weinberger LE, Sreenivasan S, Garrick T. End-of-life mental health assessments for older aged, medically ill persons with expressed desire to die. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2014;42(3):350–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Loggers ET, Starks H, Shannon-Dudley M, et al. Implementing a death with dignity program at a comprehensive cancer center. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(15):1417–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Ganzini L. Legalised physician-assisted death in Oregon. QUT Law Rev. 2016;16(1):76–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Ganzini L, Goy ER, Dobscha SK. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients requesting physicians’ aid in dying: a cross sectional survey. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2008;337:a1682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Appelbaum PS. Assessment of patients’ competence to consent to treatment. NEJM. 2007;357(18):1834–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Jayes M, Palmer R. Initial evaluation of the consent support tool: a structured procedure to facilitate the inclusion and engagement of people with aphasia in the informed consent process. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2014;16(2):159–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Margaret W. Leung MD, MPH .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Leung, M.W., Kaplan, L.E., Bourgeois, J.A. (2018). Palliative Care for Geriatric Psychiatric Patients with Life-Limiting Illness. In: Hategan, A., Bourgeois, J., Hirsch, C., Giroux, C. (eds) Geriatric Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67555-8_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67555-8_33

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67554-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67555-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics