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Acute Chest Infections in Adults and Children: Evidence-Based Emergency Imaging

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Evidence-Based Emergency Imaging

Part of the book series: Evidence-Based Imaging ((Evidence-Based Imag.))

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Abstract

This chapter reviews the evidence base of imaging in acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children and adults. Chest radiography is indicated in the very young and in patients older than 40 years with ARI suspected to have community-acquired pneumonia (CAR), especially in those who are ill enough to require hospitalization. In young children, the imaging findings of viral and bacterial lung infections frequently overlap, making their differentiation difficult. Improved communication of the radiographic findings and their limitations can decrease overprescription of antibiotics by referring physicians, when no bacterial cause can be proven. CT adds value to radiography only in pulmonary infections that are complicated, recurrent, or occur in patients with an impaired immune system. Ultrasound is favored over CT to determine the need and feasibility and need for percutaneous drainage of parapneumonic effusions and empyemas in children.

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Acknowledgment

Dr. Westra would like to acknowledge the work of Drs. G. Choy, P. H. Yager, and N. Noviski, his coauthors in a previous chapter on Imaging of Chest Infections in Children in Medina LS, et al., eds: Evidence-Based Imaging in Pediatrics: Improving the Quality of Imaging in Patient Care, published by Springer Science. That chapter served as a starting point for the pediatric content in this chapter, which has been thoroughly updated and revised for the topic at hand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Sjirk J. Westra MD, FACR

  2. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Clinton Jokerst MD

Authors
  1. Sjirk J. Westra MD, FACR
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  2. Clinton Jokerst MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sjirk J. Westra MD, FACR .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Division of Cardio-Thoracic Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Aine Kelly

  2. Department of Radiology, Division of Cardio-Thoracic Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Paul Cronin

  3. Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Stefan Puig

  4. Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA

    Kimberly E. Applegate

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Westra, S.J., Jokerst, C. (2018). Acute Chest Infections in Adults and Children: Evidence-Based Emergency Imaging. In: Kelly, A., Cronin, P., Puig, S., Applegate, K. (eds) Evidence-Based Emergency Imaging. Evidence-Based Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67066-9_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67066-9_18

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