Abstract
This chapter introduces global meteorological satellite networks for weather observation and imaging. As stated in Volume 1 of this book, satellites are objects that orbit larger object, such as planets or moons. The Earth’s Moon is an example of a natural satellite, and Earth itself is natural satellite of Sun. Thus, communication, navigation, weather, and other artificial satellites are the result of human ingenuity. There are two main types of weather satellites, defined by their orbital characteristics: Polar Earth Orbit (PEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Most satellite weather images seen on the local television news or the weather TV channels are produced by GEO satellites. The GEO satellites orbit the Earth above the equator at the same speed as the Earth rotates around its axis, so they are able to transmit a continuous meteorological picture of the region below their footprint. However, the PEO meteorological satellites are orbiting in the significantly lower and shorter, taking about 100 min to travel from pole to pole and produce high-resolution snapshots of the Earth.
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Abbreviations
- AMSU:
-
Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
- ATMS:
-
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
- ATOVS:
-
Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
- AVHRR:
-
Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer
- AVHRR:
-
Advanced VHRR
- AVCS:
-
Advanced Vidicon Camera System
- ASCOT:
-
Aerial Survey Control Tool
- VNIIEM:
-
All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Electro-mechanics
- ALEXI:
-
Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse
- APT:
-
Automatic Picture Transmission
- CASC:
-
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
- CMA:
-
China Meteorological Administration
- CCR:
-
Cloud Cover Radiometer
- CERES:
-
Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System
- COMET:
-
Cooperative Program for Meteorological Education and Training
- C-rIS:
-
Cross-track Infrared Sounder
- DCP:
-
Data Collection Platform
- DCS:
-
Data Collection System
- DOD:
-
Department of Defense
- DODGE:
-
Department of Defense Gravity Experiment
- DPS:
-
Digital Photogrammetric Systems
- DS:
-
Dwell Sounding
- EO:
-
Earth Observation
- EMWIN:
-
Emergency Managers Weather Information Network
- ESSA:
-
Environmental Satellite Service Administration
- ENVISAT:
-
ESA Environment Satellite
- EPS:
-
Eumetsat Polar System
- ELDO:
-
European Launcher Development Organization
- Eumetsat:
-
European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
- ESA:
-
European Space Agency
- ESRO:
-
European Space Research Organization
- FAGS:
-
Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services
- FY:
-
FengYun
- FCI:
-
Flexible Combined Imager
- FTS:
-
Fourier-Transform Spectrometer
- GEO:
-
Geostationary Earth Orbit
- GERB:
-
Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget
- GMS:
-
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite
- GOES:
-
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
- GOMS:
-
Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite
- GOMS-1:
-
Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite-1
- GLORIA:
-
Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere
- GCOS:
-
Global Climate Observing System
- GOS:
-
Global Observing System
- GVAR:
-
GOES Variable
- GRB:
-
GOES-R Rebroadcast
- GHRSST:
-
Group for High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature
- GIRD:
-
Group for Investigation of Reactive Movement
- HAP:
-
High-Altitude Platforms
- HEO:
-
High Elliptical Orbit
- HRIT:
-
High Rate Information Transmission
- HIRS:
-
High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder
- HRPT:
-
High-Resolution Picture Transmission
- HRV:
-
High-Resolution Visible
- HIRS:
-
High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder
- ITOS:
-
Improved TIROS Operational System
- IMD:
-
India Meteorological Department
- INSAT:
-
Indian National Satellite
- INSAT:
-
Indian National Satellite System
- IRS:
-
Indian Remote Sensing
- ISRO:
-
Indian Space Research Organization
- ISP:
-
Inertially Stabilized Platforms
- IR:
-
InfraRed
- IRS:
-
Infrared Sounder
- VISSR:
-
Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer
- IJPS:
-
Initial Joint Polar System
- IGBP:
-
International Geosphere and Biosphere Program
- ISCCP:
-
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
- ISES:
-
International Space Environment Service
- JCAB:
-
Japan Civil Aviation Bureau
- JMA:
-
Japan Meteorological Agency
- JPSS:
-
Joint Polar Satellite System
- KIT:
-
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- LI:
-
Lightning Imager
- LRIT:
-
Low-Rate Information Transmission
- MetOp:
-
Meteorological Operational
- MOS:
-
Meteorological Operational Satellite
- MOP:
-
Meteosat Operational Program
- MSG:
-
Meteosat Second Generation
- MTG:
-
Meteosat Third Generation
- MTP:
-
Meteosat Transition Program
- MHS:
-
Microwave Humidity Sounder
- MSU:
-
Microwave Sounding Unit
- MLIT:
-
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
- MSMR:
-
Multichannel Scanning Microwave Radiometer
- MVISR:
-
Multichannel Visible Infrared Scanning Radiometer
- MSI:
-
Multispectral Imaging
- MOS:
-
Multispectral Optoelectronic Scanner
- NESDIS:
-
National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service
- NOAA:
-
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NPOESS:
-
National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
- NPP:
-
National Polar-orbiting Partnership
- NSMC:
-
National Satellite Meteorological Center
- NWS:
-
National Weather Service
- OSCAR:
-
Observing System Capabilities Analysis and Review
- OCM:
-
Ocean Color Monitor
- OSCAR:
-
Ocean Surface Current Analyses Real Time
- OMPS:
-
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
- PCW:
-
Polar Communications and Weather
- PEO:
-
Polar Earth Orbit
- POES:
-
Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellites
- PSLV:
-
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
- PMR:
-
Pressure Modulator Radiometer
- RMC:
-
Radiation Measurement Complex
- R&D:
-
Research and Development
- FZJ:
-
Research Center Jülich
- RPY:
-
Roll, Pitch and Yaw
- RRR:
-
Rolling Review of Requirements
- Roshydromet:
-
Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring
- SSAR:
-
Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar
- SCAMS:
-
Scanning Microwave Spectrometer
- SR:
-
Scanning Radiometers
- SAR:
-
Search and Rescue
- SARSAT:
-
Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking
- SWFDP:
-
Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project
- SST:
-
Skin Sea Surface Temperature
- SBUV:
-
Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer
- SBUV:
-
Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectral Radiometer
- SEM:
-
Space Environment Monitor
- SEVIRI:
-
Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager
- SAGE:
-
Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment
- SPS:
-
Stratospheric Platform Systems
- SSU:
-
Stratospheric Sounding Unit
- S-VISSR:
-
Stretched Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer
- TIR:
-
Thermal Infrared
- TOVS:
-
TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
- TOMS:
-
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
- UVN:
-
Ultraviolet Visible-Near-infrared
- UPS:
-
Unique Payload Services
- UCAR:
-
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
- UAV:
-
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
- UTLS:
-
Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
- VAS:
-
Vertical Atmospheric Sounder
- VTPR:
-
Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer
- VHRR:
-
Very-High-Resolution Radiometer
- VNIR:
-
Visible and Near-Infrared
- VIRRS:
-
Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite
- VISSR:
-
Visible-Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer
- VAS:
-
VISSR Atmospheric Sounder
- WEFAX:
-
Weather Facsimile
- WIP:
-
WIGOS Implementation Plan
- WIGOS:
-
WMO Integrated Global Observing System
- WCRP:
-
World Climate Research Program
- WMO:
-
World Meteorological Organization
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Ilčev, S.D. (2019). Satellite Meteorological Networks. In: Global Satellite Meteorological Observation (GSMO) Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67047-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67047-8_1
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