Abstract
The motivation and principles of the book are outlined. The role of transport phenomena is presented, in the framework of actual and virtual experiments, with the focus on process engineering. The heat transfer, as an example of multiphysics transport, is briefly introduced with its different modes.
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- 1.
Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems, depending on temperature and pressure.
- 2.
Fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flow: the natural science of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion.
- 3.
This framework can be regarded as a scale triad, as the physical range of phenomena existence spans when passing from one nesting component to the other. A very important procedure in engineering, the scaling up, is related to this triad.
- 4.
Adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface.
- 5.
Inclusion of particles of gas or liquid in liquid or solid material.
- 6.
Release of a substance from or through a surface. It is the opposite of adsorption/absorption.
- 7.
One common example is the use of empirical notations as average transfer coefficients, e.g., applied at the external surface of a substrate being exposed to a working fluid. This is a limitation which needs addressing through conjugate modeling as implied earlier, regardless of the phases interface, solving the energy/mass transport in both phases simultaneously.
- 8.
This arises as transport phenomena can be easily be intertwined, i.e., interdependent—e.g., when liquid water evaporates from a heated substrate, producing vapor water at the expenses of the energy budget.
- 9.
As deduced by http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-sectionleadership-enabling-and-industrial-technologies. Cited 15 Oct 2015.
- 10.
Such as specific enthalpy, a velocity component, or a concentration of a chemical species.
- 11.
A common notation to report on a entity dimensions exploits square brackets, i.e., \([\nabla ]\) \(=\) 1/m.
- 12.
See, for example, De Bonis, M.V., Ruocco, G.: Computational Transport Phenomena in Bioprocessing with the Approach of the Optimized Source Term in the Governing Equations. Heat and Mass Transfer (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-012-0992-z.
- 13.
This quantity is also called the potential difference, or the driving force for the heat flux.
- 14.
In fluids, these happen due to elastic impacts; in metal solids, this is due to the diffusion of electrons.
- 15.
The term “bulk” is employed to mean a spatial average variable (usually an area-weighted one): in this case, across the flow cross section.
References
Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., Lightfoot, E.N.: Transport Phenomena. Wiley, New York (2002)
Bergman, T.L., Incropera, F.P., Lavine, A.: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. Wiley, New York (2011)
Özışık, M.N.: Radiative Transfer and Interactions with Conduction and Convection. Wiley, New York (1973)
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Ruocco, G. (2018). Transport Phenomena and Multiphysics Modeling. In: Introduction to Transport Phenomena Modeling. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66822-2_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66822-2_1
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